Problems needing attention in efficient cultivation of Kernel Apricot

Kernel apricot is one of the main dried fruits in northern China, and its management benefit is quite good. in recent years, due to the development of almond, the comparative benefit of kernel apricot has been reduced. in order to improve the production benefit of kernel apricot, comprehensive measures should be adopted.

1) develop in a suitable place. Kernel apricot is resistant to drought, barren and wide adaptability, but in order to carry out efficient production, it is necessary to choose places with deep soil layer, fertile soil and leeward to the sun to build a garden. As kernel apricot blossoms early and is vulnerable to late frost, it is necessary to avoid building gardens in ridges, tuyere and low-lying places.

2) pay attention to the configuration of pollination trees. Kernel apricot mostly self-flowering sterile, must be equipped with a sufficient number of pollination trees, it is best to mix 4 varieties of 3murmuri. Longwangmao, Yifeng, Youyi and You2, which are commonly used in production, can all pollinate each other, and the general pollination varieties should not be less than 30% of the total number of cultivated plants.

3) take comprehensive measures to improve the fruit setting rate. The yield of kernel apricot mainly depends on the fruit setting condition, and comprehensive measures should be adopted in production to improve the fruit setting rate. The common measures are: ① fertilizing and watering. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once after fruit setting before germination and watering after fertilization to meet the nutrient needs of new shoot growth and flowering and fruit setting. The amount of fertilizer application should be determined according to the size of the tree and the yield, usually about 100g urea per plant. ② uses strong branches to bear fruit. After the kernel is thrown with long apricot branches, it is easy to form short fruit branches with balanced power, forming clusters of flower branches. Kernel apricot is mainly fruited by short fruit branches, and flower branches are the main fruiting parts. In the young tree stage, non-plastic branches should be thrown more and less short stimulation, in order to promote the growth of flower branches. The flowering branches of kernel apricot can bear fruit continuously for many years, but when the fruiting years are long, the short branches become weaker, and the fruiting ability decreases, which is disadvantageous to the increase of yield, so the flowering branches of fruit 4murle 5a (year) should be retracted in time after entering the full fruiting period, and finally retracted to the strong branch of the back minister or the latent bud at the base of the back branch, so as to promote the branching and keep the fruiting branch strong, so as to improve the fruit setting rate. ③ protects leaves and increases the accumulation of nutrients. In production, the prevention and control of leaf diseases and insect pests should be strengthened to improve the ability of leaves to produce photosynthate. After anthesis, 2.5% enemy kill 4000 times solution to kill almond bee adults and Dendrolimus punctatus larvae. Spray 1000 times of liquid fast scale to control bulbous scale, spray 14.5% carbendazim 500 times solution to control scab and perforation. ④ sprays fertilizer at flowering stage. Spraying 0.2% borax or boric acid at flowering stage, spraying 0.3% mae 0.5% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is very beneficial to improve fruit setting. ⑤ releases bees at flowering stage.

4) to promote the fullness of seeds. The main measures applied in production are as follows: topdressing and watering ① fruit in time during the expansion period. Take phosphate and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, fertilize 2murf for 3 times, and apply about 100g urea, 150g diammonium phosphate and 300g potassium sulfate each time. If there are irrigation conditions, we should use the method of applying soil moisture after rain unconditionally to give full play to the fertilizer effect and make the seeds full. ② strengthens the control of diseases and insect pests. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of leaf diseases and insect pests, cut off dry and diseased branches in time, and control the occurrence of apricot disease. In the middle and last ten days of May, phoxim capsule was sprinkled on the tree plate to control the apricot scale, and 20% green kungfu 4000 times liquid was sprayed during the fruit decay period of the larvae. ③ is harvested at the right time. Be sure to harvest the fruit when it is fully ripe and strictly prevent early harvest.

5) maintain the strong tree potential. In the case of poor site conditions, kernel apricot trees are easy to weaken, resulting in slender fruiting branches, increasing dead branches and decreasing fruiting ability. In production, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, strictly control the yield, prevent excessive fruit and seriously weaken the tree potential. It is necessary to strengthen the renewal of the fruiting branches, keep the branches exuberant, strengthen the transformation and utilization of the overgrown branches in the tree, turn them into a string of flower branches by pulling the branches, promote the fruit, and prolong the fruiting life of the tree.

6) prevent the result site from moving outward. The fruit branch of kernel apricot has a short life span and is easy to die, and the fruit part is easy to move outward, and the result is superficial. In the production, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the trees should be improved to promote the omni-directional fruit of the trees. We should pay attention to control the competitive branches. We can control the competitive branches and prevent the tree from being disturbed by the combination of winter pruning and sprouting in the growing season. Every year, the thin and weak branches in the inner chamber of the crown retract in time, cut some branches appropriately in the space, promote the new branches with a total branch quantity of 1 to 3, and remove the senescent branches that bear fruit for many years, so as to facilitate the stability of the fruiting part and prevent the fruiting part from moving out.