Cultivation techniques of garlic in Laifang

Laifang Township, Qingliu County has a long history of growing garlic, and the garlic produced has a strong flavor and unique flavor.

First, soil preparation and fertilization of garlic.

Garlic is a string-shaped whisker root, the ability to absorb water and fertilizer is weak, and the bulb grows and expands in the soil, so garlic should be cultivated in fields with loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matter. Although garlic has great adaptability, it is better to use sandy loam. Because the sandy loam soil is loose, suitable for root development, turn green early, bolting early, garlic is big and spicy, and it is easy to start garlic.

The land where garlic is cultivated is ploughed and turned in the sun immediately after the harvest of the previous crop, and the land should be prepared again before sowing. Base fertilizer should be applied before ploughing. Because of its long growth period, high population density and large amount of fertilizer, garlic generally applies 2000-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, combined with 20-30 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Organic fertilizer should be fully mature, if raw fertilizer is used, garlic root will be burned during fermentation and underground insect pests will occur. It is necessary to make fine land preparation, with a width of 1.5 to 1.7 meters, and it is better to extend it from east to west.

Second, the cultivation techniques of autumn sowing garlic.

1. Sow seeds.

①, sowing seeds at the right time. The most suitable time for garlic sowing is usually in mid-or late September. The weather is cool in September, which is suitable for the unearthing and growth of garlic seedlings. If sowing too early, the seedlings grow too vigorously before overwintering and consume nutrients, it will reduce the ability of overwintering, may also lead to vernalization, cause secondary growth, and form compound garlic in the second year, reducing the quality of garlic. If sowing too late, the seedlings are small, the tissue is tender, the root system is weak, the accumulation of nutrients is less, the cold resistance is lower, and there are more deaths during overwintering. Therefore, the sowing date of garlic must be strictly controlled.

②, reasonable close planting. Close planting is the basis for increasing production. The yield of garlic bolting and garlic head is composed of the number of plants per mu, the number of cloves per plant, bolting weight and clove weight. Should be according to the characteristics of varieties to achieve appropriate close planting, so that there are more plants per mu. Generally, it is better to plant 3-35000 plants per mu, with row spacing of 8cm, plant spacing of 6cm, and seed per mu of 75kg.

③, sowing method: "planting onions deeply and planting garlic shallowly" is the experience gained by farmers' practice for many years. The suitable depth of garlic sowing is generally 2-3 cm. There are two kinds of garlic sowing methods: one is to insert the seed petal into the soil, covering the soil after sowing, and the other is to open a ditch for sowing, that is, to open a shallow trench with a hoe to sow the seed petal on demand. After opening a trench, the soil opened at the same time is covered on the previous row of petals. After sowing, the thickness of the covering soil is about 2 cm, the soil will be firm and watered through. To prevent drought, the soil can be covered with two layers of straw or other moisturizing materials. Planting should not be too deep, if it is too deep, the seedling will emerge late, the pseudostem is too long, the root system absorbs too much water and fertilizer, the growth is too prosperous, and the formation of garlic is difficult to expand by soil compression; but the planting should not be too shallow, if it is too shallow, it is easy to "jump" when the seedling emerges, and the rhizosphere is easy to lack water in the seedling stage. the root system is poorly developed.

2. Field management.

① and topdressing: although there is seed valve nutrition in the growing period of garlic seedlings, topdressing should be applied in order to promote seedling growth and increase the nutritional area of plants. As the ability of garlic root to absorb water and fertilizer is weak, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied to topdressing so as to avoid leaf tip yellowing. Garlic topdressing is generally 3-4 times, which is divided into:

Fertilizer for promoting seedlings: after the garlic comes out of the seedlings, apply a light human feces and urine to extract the seedlings, and avoid applying ammonium bicarbonate to prevent the seedlings from being burned.

Shengchang fertilizer: after sowing 60-80 days, re-apply mature human and animal fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer, 20-30 piculs per mu, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. To achieve early catch-up, promote the growth of seedlings, stems and leaves stout, to rotten mother when less yellow tip or not yellow tip.

Garlic expansion fertilizer: because the temperature is not high when garlic is inflated, and the expansion period of garlic is correspondingly longer, in order to promote garlic hypertrophy, quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied before garlic stalk harvest. Such as: nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer 5kg per mu, if only urea, about 5kg, can not be applied too much, otherwise it will cause the formed garlic buds turn green, and grow leaves again and consume the nutrients of garlic cloves. Topdressing should be carried out before garlic stalk harvest, and there are rich nutrients to promote garlic expansion after garlic stalk harvest. If topdressing is carried out after garlic stalk harvest, it is easy to lead to greed and reduce yield. If the soil is more fertile and the garlic leaves are fat and dark, there is no need to apply inflatable fertilizer. Due to late bolting and high temperature, garlic is generally harvested about 20-25 days after bolting, so it can also avoid chasing inflated fertilizer.