Detoxification of garlic by using aerial bulb as seed

Garlic is usually propagated asexually by garlic cloves (underground bulbs). Garlic cloves are abnormal lateral buds and are part of garlic mother. Long-term asexually propagation will inevitably lead to the accumulation of viruses in the body and other undesirable traits, resulting in garlic species degeneration. In the process of sporophyte and gametophyte generation alternation, the aerial bulbs produced by garlic sexual reproduction have natural virus-free process. According to many years of production practice, using garlic bulb (garlic bead) as seed can accelerate the propagation of improved varieties, reduce virus accumulation and improve the viability of garlic seeds. In the first year, most of them grow into single-headed garlic, in the second year, they grow normal garlic, and in the third year, they can increase the yield by 30%~50%, and the seed quality is better. The key of this technology is to grasp the production of the first year, and the production of the second year is the same as that of conventional autumn sowing garlic.

1 seed retention

When the garlic bulb is completely mature and the plant is dry, the seven-mature aerial bulb should be harvested and the one with diameter of about 0.5cm should be selected for storage over summer. According to many years of field production experience, after bolting in the late stage of garlic growth, do not harvest garlic sprouts, delay the harvest period of garlic (when the leaves begin to wither, there are 2~3 green leaves at the top, and the pseudostem is soft) for 13~18 days, and wait until the garlic sprouts turn yellow and the garlic plants will be dry, the aerial bulbs generally reach seven maturity.

2. Land selection and preparation

Garlic is a string-like fibrous root, water absorption, fertilizer capacity is weak, bulbs and growth in the soil, so garlic should choose loose soil, good drainage, rich in organic matter plot cultivation. Garlic avoid continuous cropping, the previous crop to corn, beans, melons, tomatoes, potatoes and other crops as well.

Before planting, the soil should be deeply plowed more than 25cm, combined with plowing, heavy basal fertilizer, 6000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer or 4000kg of chicken manure should be applied every 667 square meters, and 50kg of diammonium phosphate, 35~40kg of potassium sulfate and 1.0~ 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate (or converted into compound fertilizer of the same amount) should be evenly mixed. The soil should be tilled and the bed should be opened. 5% phoxim granules can be mixed with 2~3kg/667 square meters to control underground pests according to specific conditions.

3 sowing

The optimum period for seeding with aerial bulbs is to make the plants grow to 5~6 leaves before overwintering, at which time the plants have the strongest cold resistance and will not be frozen to death in cold winter, and lay a good foundation for the plants to pass vernalization smoothly. The Yangtze River Basin and its south areas are generally sown in the middle and late September. If the seeds are sown too early, the seedlings will grow too vigorously before overwintering and consume nutrients, which will reduce the overwintering ability, and may also vernalize again, causing secondary growth, forming compound garlic in the second year, reducing the quality of garlic seeds. Sowing too late, the seedlings are small, the tissue is tender, the root system is weak, the accumulated nutrients are less, the cold resistance is lower, and more deaths occur during winter. Therefore, aerial bulbs must strictly control the sowing time. In the first year, the seeds were sown in the border, the soil cover was about 1.5 cm thick, and the seedlings were protected from 120,000 to 150,000 plants per 667 square meters. In the second year, the seedlings were protected from 40,000 plants per 667 square meters.

4 Field management

4.1 seedling management

Garlic seeded with aerial bulbs has very little nutrition in the seedling growth period. In order to promote seedling growth and increase the vegetative area of plants, topdressing must be applied at appropriate time. Because garlic root system absorbs water and fertilizer ability is weak, so topdressing should apply quick-acting fertilizer, lest take off fertilizer and appear leaf tip yellow.

① Fertilize the seedlings. From the time when the bulbs are fully grown to the time when frost falls, apply light decomposed human and animal feces and urine every 7 days or so to extract the seedlings. During this period, avoid applying ammonium bicarbonate to prevent burning the seedlings.

(2) 60~80 days after the emergence of mature manure, reapply decomposed human and livestock manure plus chemical fertilizer once, and apply 20~30 loads (50kg/load) of decomposed human and livestock manure, ammonium sulfate 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg per 667 square meters. Promote seedling growth flourishing, stem and leaf stout, to garlic "rotten mother" when less yellow tip or not yellow tip.

4.2 medium-term management

The characteristics of mid-stage growth and development are that flower buds and scale buds differentiate one after another and enter the long stage of flower stem elongation. At this stage, 1~4 leaves of the plant appear yellow tip (the external performance of "maternal withdrawal"), the old root senescence, a large number of new roots occur, at the same time, the stem and leaf and garlic sprouts also rapidly elongate, the leaf area reaches the maximum, garlic also begins to slowly expand, so it needs more nutrients, management is mainly to reduce the degree of yellow tip leaves, measures, first, clear ditch drainage, second, re-apply available potassium, nitrogen fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better). In general, at the end of March and the beginning of April, fertilizer can be applied according to seedlings. If the seedlings are good, less fertilizer can be applied to avoid causing the formed garlic sprouts to return to green and grow leaves again and consume the nutrients of garlic cloves. If the seedlings grow poorly, irrigate them with 20~30 loads of thin and decomposed human and animal dung/667 square meters and 6~8kg of urea/667 square meters. Third, remove the sprouts in time to reduce nutrient consumption. At the same time, we should eliminate weeds frequently.

4.3 post-management

After bolting, the leaves and roots of garlic can last for another 20 days or so, and then gradually wither and wilt. At this time, management is to protect the leaves and roots, try to extend its functional period, and promote the hypertrophy of garlic. When removing sprouts, try not to hurt the leaves.

5 Timely harvest

The signs of proper harvest are: the leaves are completely dry, that is, the dead leaves are dry and drooping, the pseudostems are in the state of beginning to harden, and the garlic is fully grown. If harvest too early, garlic tender and moisture, tissue is not full, not full, easy to dry after storage, the next year vitality is also low. When collecting garlic seeds, hard ground should be dug with hoe, soft ground can be pulled out directly by hand. In order to ensure that garlic seeds have good vitality in the coming year, special attention should be paid to two points during the harvest and drying of garlic seeds: one is not to be rained to prevent mildew and rot of garlic seeds; the other is to avoid direct sunlight to prevent garlic seeds from burning.