Efficient cultivation techniques of six-clove white garlic

Garlic is a traditional export vegetable in China, and it has become the most foreign exchange-earning product of vegetables at present. With the rapid development of production, processing and export, the international market has higher and higher requirements for the appearance and quality of garlic. Japanese six-clove white-skinned garlic was introduced into Laiyang City, Shandong Province in 2001, and has been planted and popularized in Yantai, Qingdao, Jinan, Liaocheng and other provinces. The planting area exceeded 15hm2 in 2002. The introduction comparison experiment and popularization and application in recent years show that six-clove white-skinned garlic is an excellent variety mainly for the production of garlic with good commerciality, great market potential at home and abroad and high planting efficiency. The key cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.

The characteristics of one and six cloves of white garlic. The pseudostem is stout, the growth potential is strong, the leaf is wide and light green, the functional leaf is 8-9 pieces, the garlic head is big, the skin color is white, the transverse diameter is generally 5-6 cm, the mass of single garlic is 40-50 grams, mostly six cloves, the texture is crisp, slightly hard, spicy light, the quality is good, the average yield of garlic per mu is more than 1000 kg. The yield of garlic bolting is low, the normal bolting rate is only 10-15%, and the garlic bolting is thick and hard. Moderate disease resistance, stress resistance and storability.

Second, variety regional adaptability. Through introduction comparison test and regional test since 2001, it was found that the growth period of six-clove white-skinned garlic was basically the same as that of Cangshan garlic and Soviet garlic. The sowing date was October 10, the seedling emergence period was about October 21, and the bulb expansion period was harvested in mid-May and early June of the following year. It is suitable for planting in Shandong and its surrounding areas.

III. Key points of cultivation techniques

1. Seed selection and garlic seed treatment. The garlic with round shape, 3.5-5 cm in diameter, six cloves, neat cloves and white skin was selected as the kind of garlic, and the cloves were peeled off and graded. Generally divided into three grades: 400-500 grams, 500-800 grams, and more than 800 grams. Soaking seeds with phoxim 1000 times and carbendazim mixture solution for 10 minutes before sowing, the seeds should be soaked evenly, and the concentration of the solution should not be too high, otherwise it will affect the growth of garlic roots and stems and leaves and reduce the seedling emergence rate.

2. Sowing seeds. Seeds are usually sown in Shandong in the first and middle of October. Six-clove white garlic has high yield and high demand for fertilizer and water, so it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer and re-apply organic fertilizer at one time. Combined with cultivated land, 5000 kg of high-quality soil fertilizer or 2000 kg of rotten dried chicken manure were evenly applied per mu, combined with 20 kg of potassium sulfate and 25 kg of diammonium phosphate. Small high or flat beds can be used when sowing, with a row spacing of 20 cm, a plant spacing of more than 800 grams, a plant spacing of 10-12 cm, and a plant spacing of 400-500 grams. The sowing ditch is 5-6 cm deep and the fine soil is 4 cm thick. If the soil moisture is poor, the soil moisture can be watered first, the ground is slightly dry before sowing, and after sowing, the border surface is flattened and sprayed with herbicides; or after sowing, the border surface is leveled, poured through water, and then sprayed with herbicides after slightly dry soil surface. Spray 75 kg of water evenly with 200 ml of 33% Shitian EC per mu to wet the ground and cover the plastic film.

3. Field management. Seedlings emerge about 10 days after sowing, if the plastic film is close to the ground, most of the seedlings will break the membrane and grow out, and a small number of them need to be artificially broken in the early morning or evening. There is no need for topdressing in this period, water can be watered once after finishing seedlings, and once before soil freezing in late November, in order to increase soil heat storage and reduce freezing damage.

With the temperature rising from late February to early March, garlic begins to grow green. At this time, the temperature is still low, so don't rush to water it. Generally in the first and middle of March, depending on the temperature and soil moisture, irrigate a return to green water.

Due to the large cloves of white-skinned garlic, the cloves of more than 8 grams are easy to split, forming two or more seedlings and consuming nutrients. The weak seedlings should be removed as soon as possible, and the garlic should be pulled out around March 20 at the latest. General May 10 or so in about 13 cm from the ground to pinch off garlic bolts, after frequent inspection, found that there are inflated buds in the pseudostem in time to pinch off, in order to reduce nutrient consumption.

Garlic needs enough water and fertilizer to grow, and it should be watered and fertilized in time. The first topdressing was in late March, combined with watering, 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, and then the second and third topdressing was carried out in mid-April and early May, respectively, with 10 kg urea per mu. No more topdressing about a month before harvest. After entering May, the temperature is higher, the growth of garlic is large, and the water demand is large. Generally, the garlic is watered once in 7-10 days, and the watering is stopped one week before harvest.

4. Pest control. The main diseases and insect pests are downy mildew, leaf blight, garlic maggots and onion thrips. Control garlic maggots at the beginning of April, irrigate roots with 1000 times of phoxim; strengthen the control of diseases such as downy mildew and leaf blight after mid-April, spray 1500 times of 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder in the early stage of the disease, or 1500 times of 50% Chlorohydantoin wettable powder, spray once in 7-10 days for 3-4 times; at the same time, pay attention to the damage of onion thrips, spray and control with 1500 times of imidacloprid at the initial stage of occurrence, and spray 2-3 times in a row. If abnormal leaves, atrophy, mosaic and dysplastic plants are found during the growth period, they may be infected by virus disease and should be pulled out in time.

5. Harvest. Jiaodong area is generally harvested in early June. Harvest in time when the tip of 1-3 leaves in the lower part of the plant is yellow and dry, the upper leaf is gray-green, the leaf tip turns yellow, and the pseudostem is slightly soft. Ensure that the garlic head has at least 3 layers of outer skin cover, so it is not easy to form split garlic or loose cloves, has good merchandise and is convenient for processing. Storage and transportation.