Key points of garlic cultivation techniques

Garlic belongs to onion and garlic vegetables, with strong cold tolerance, suitable temperature for growth of 12-25 ℃, and long-day crops. It is suitable for planting in slightly alkaline soil with convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile and rich in organic matter. Planting garlic mainly grasps the following links:

(1) Variety selection

At present, the main varieties suitable for planting in Qilin area are Sichuan Red Seven Star (first and second generation), soft-leaf garlic, first-class early, second-class early, local purple garlic and so on.

(2) sowing time

Bazi region is generally early garlic seedlings, Red Seven Star (first generation, second generation) planting time in White Dew Festival (early September). The best sowing time for the second stage is around the the Autumn Equinox season (mid-late September). The suitable sowing date of late garlic is from the Autumn Equinox to Cold Dew (September 23-October 8). Planting can be done one season ahead of time at high elevations.

(3) seed treatment

Before sowing, garlic cloves are selected and graded, the garlic cloves infected by diseases and insect pests are removed, and the garlic cloves are separated according to big and small, and sown at different levels.

(4) soil preparation for soil moisture and reasonable close planting

When preparing soil moisture, it is required to be fine and thick, and the soil moisture is 3-4 meters wide. Sowing should not be too deep, the soil should be kept moist to promote early emergence. The seed quantity of Hongqixing is 100-120 kg per mu, other varieties are small, the seed amount per mu is only 60mur75 kg, the density per mu is 30,000-40000 plants, the row spacing is 15,000-18cm, the plant spacing is 8Mul-10cm, the early-maturing varieties are dense, and the late-maturing varieties are rare.

(5) Field management

1. Weeding and loosening soil: if the soil is hardened and weeds are overgrown after garlic emergence, intermediate tillage should be carried out in combination with weeding. The first intermediate tillage should be carried out when the seedling height is 10 ~ 13 cm and there are 2-3 leaves, and the second shallow middle tillage should be carried out when the seedling height is 26-33 cm and there are 5-6 leaves. Weeding in garlic field is more laborious. In order to improve the effect of chemical weeding, chemical weeding is applied 3 days after garlic planting, spraying with Guoer and Zucaodan to control weeds, and ploughing twice after emergence to prevent soil consolidation and weeds. If there are more weeds in the seedling stage, different herbicides can be selected for different kinds of weeds.

2. Irrigation: if the soil is moist after sowing, the seedlings can emerge without irrigation, and the whole seedling water should be irrigated once when the soil is dry. In the seedling stage, there should be less irrigation and more ploughing, and water should be properly controlled to prevent overgrowth and premature withdrawal of the mother. Increase irrigation during the period of bolting and bulb hypertrophy to avoid drought and keep the soil moist. Irrigation should be based on furrow irrigation, the water does not flood the soil surface, the soil tide is withdrawn, to avoid flooding, garlic harvest 5-7 days before irrigation should stop irrigation, otherwise easy to produce loose garlic.

3. Fertilization: garlic has a long growth period and a large amount of fertilizer, but its root system is shallow and its ability to absorb fertilizer is weak, so it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing by stages to meet the needs of garlic growth and development. The fertilization of garlic should be based on organic fertilizer, accounting for 70% of the total fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.8: 1, about 12.5 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, pay attention to supplement calcium fertilizer, increase boron fertilizer, fertilization can use "one clear" or heavy bottom early topdressing method. Generally, 30 kg compound fertilizer per mu (15:15:15) plus 80 piculs of pig manure, 30 kg urea or 35 kg ammonium bicarbonate per mu, 20 kg urea or 30 kg ammonium bicarbonate per mu.

4. prevention of diseases and insect pests: during the growth period of garlic, especially after December, more cold wave, low cold light and high humidity can easily lead to the occurrence of garlic diseases and insect pests. The main diseases are rust, leaf blight and blight. Control agents: Fenling, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, Sukeling, can be applied at the initial stage or during the onset of the disease; there are onion thrips, which can be culled with trichlorfon. After the Beginning of Spring, with the rise of air temperature and sunshine, garlic entered the stage of rapid growth, at which time the most fertilizer and water were needed. Attention should be paid to fertilizing seedlings, timely irrigation and lowering the field temperature to meet the needs of garlic growth.