Several obstacles to garlic cultivation and their prevention

Due to the lack of production experience in planting garlic in agricultural areas, there are some cultivation obstacle factors that affect the benefit. On the basis of field investigation and research, a set of preventive countermeasures was found out for reference.

It is difficult to sow and germinate from January to July, which affects the early listing of green garlic.

Garlic takes root and sprouts a week after sowing under suitable temperature and humidity. Garlic sown from June to July needs 15-30 days to germinate slowly due to unfavorable conditions such as high temperature, drought and dormancy of garlic cloves. To overcome this obstacle, it is necessary to do a good job in planting garlic and cooling and preserving soil moisture after sowing. The specific measures are as follows: 15-20 days before sowing, select high-quality garlic, split and grade according to size, select small and medium-sized garlic for cultivation, peel off part of garlic skin and garlic plate, soak in water for 1-2 days, remove it and pile it in a cool and ventilated place to promote sprouting, sow most of the garlic cloves after sowing, pour thoroughly after sowing, and cover them with straw or straw to protect moisture and protect the sun. Green garlic can also be cultivated by building a 1m high flat shed or using a large and medium shed skeleton to cover the sunshade net.

2. Garlic plants appear "yellow tip" phenomenon when they have 4-6 leaves.

When garlic grows to 4-6 leaves, the nutrient consumption of garlic is finished, that is, "mother", but at this time, the plant root system does not absorb enough nutrients, resulting in insufficient nutrition for garlic growth, resulting in the phenomenon of leaf tip yellowing, that is, "yellow tip". The harm of garlic maggots and excessive moisture and impermeability of the soil and the return of alkali will advance and aggravate the occurrence of "yellow tip". To reduce the symptoms of "yellow tip", it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water after the return of spring, and greatly increase the application of fast-acting fertilizer 5-7 before quitting the mother. Garlic maggots can be irrigated with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 95% phoxim.

3. Garlic cloves regenerate leaf bolts.

This phenomenon occurred before and after bolting, which seriously affected the quality and yield of garlic and garlic bolts. The regenerated leaf bolting of garlic is mainly caused by abnormal temperature, that is, high temperature before winter, low temperature in winter, early return to spring and high temperature after winter. in addition, it is also related to variety, sowing date, planting density, fertilizer and water conditions, film mulching and other factors. the results showed that the incidence of white garlic was higher than that of red garlic, early sowing was more serious than late sowing, and sparse seedlings were denser and more serious. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer or garlic before expansion is easy to cause the disease, and plastic film mulching is more common than open field cultivation. The countermeasures to prevent regenerated leaf bolting are as follows: selecting red bark species, strictly controlling the sowing date, sowing garlic in September, reasonably close planting, keeping about 40 000 seedlings per 667m2 with plant spacing 8cm and row spacing 20cm, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoiding partial or excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially after returning to spring, urea per 667m2 should be controlled at 20-25kg. 4 garlic head distortion, including forming peeled garlic, single garlic, compound garlic, loose garlic, etc.

① could not get the suitable temperature and humidity conditions because of the shallow sowing and the "jumping" of the unearthed surface after the seed petal was planted. In the later stage of growth, the outer garlic skin shrank and gradually expanded inward, which made the garlic head form garlic skin and lost its economic value. After sowing, garlic is covered with 2-3cm soil and properly suppressed to prevent the formation of garlic skin.

② garlic grew into a single garlic without split, which reduced the yield of garlic. The main reason for the emergence of single garlic is that the garlic seedlings are too thin and do not have the nutritional conditions for split. Growing garlic is too small, the soil is poor, planting is too dense, lack of fertilizer and water, lack of light and so on will lead to insufficient vegetative growth of plants, resulting in the formation of one-headed garlic. Therefore, do not choose too small garlic cloves to be used as both bolting and cultivated garlic, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened at the seedling stage.

③, because the regenerated leaf stalk grows into a secondary clove, the garlic head forms a compound garlic. The cloves of compound garlic are very small and have little commercial value. Doing a good job in the prevention of regenerated leaf bolts of garlic will avoid the emergence of compound garlic.

When ④ is harvested too late or the soil is waterlogged, the stem plate of garlic rots in the soil, and the cloves of garlic disperse each other to become loose garlic. Loose clove garlic is not conducive to harvest, but also reduces the yield and quality of garlic. After the garlic stalk is harvested, the ②⑥ water is controlled to dry the field, and the garlic head is harvested 5-6 days later, the appearance of loose garlic can be avoided.