New cultivation techniques for high quality and high yield of garlic

With the improvement of people's living standards and the continuous increase of agricultural exports, the planting area of garlic continues to expand, and the requirements for product quality are also increasing. Through years of practice, we have summed up a set of high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of garlic. The main technical points are as follows:

1. Select superior varieties

In order to produce garlic, we should choose varieties with small head, weak bolting ability, white and bright skin, long dormancy period and spicy flavor, such as Soviet Red garlic and Lunong garlic, and the varieties with early bolting, long and thick bolting and easy extraction can be selected in the production of garlic bolt. such as Ershui early and so on.

(2) Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization

Garlic planting should choose the land with loose soil, fertile soil, rich organic matter, pH value of 7-8 and good drainage. The first crop of autumn sowing garlic is mainly the stubble of rice, corn, beans, melons, sorghum, potatoes and cotton. Garlic should not be cropped continuously, and it is not suitable for continuous cropping with onions and leeks. Require deep ploughing fine rake, leveling the border surface, good drainage. The plot sowing garlic in autumn applies about rotten manure or barnyard manure 5000kg, cake fertilizer 100~150kg, urea 10~15kg, phosphate fertilizer 15~30kg, potash fertilizer 30kg per mu, or special garlic fertilizer 20~30kg, or ternary compound fertilizer. Remove and apply evenly, then immediately turn the soil 20~30cm deep, fine rake 2 times 3 times, so that the fertilizer and ploughed soil are fully mixed. Make the border: generally make the border width 100 (intercropping) ~ 300cm (pure cultivation), cut 515 rows of garlic inside the border, row spacing 20cm. At the same time, dig horizontal ditches, vertical ditches and perimeter ditches in the field to achieve free drainage and irrigation.

(3) sowing at the right time

The sowing time in Shandong is from late September to early October. Select excellent varieties and well-developed garlic, break off the garlic before sowing and select good garlic cloves without injury or disease as seeds. According to the average weight of garlic cloves is 4G, sowing 30 000 cloves per mu requires seed cloves 120kg and garlic head 150kg. Garlic cloves that cannot be sown in time should be spread out in a cool place. ① generally uses trench sowing, ditch depth 5~6cm, seed petal inserted vertically into the loose soil at the bottom of the ditch according to the requirement of plant distance, flattening the ridge after sowing, and embedding the top of the seed petal into the soil 3~4cm. When the main goal of ② sowing density is to cultivate large garlic, it is suitable to sow 30 000 ~ 35000 trees per mu, generally using row spacing 20cm and plant spacing 10cm. After sowing, the soil should be compacted and loosened, and then watered.

4 mulching with plastic film

Cover the plastic film immediately after sowing, watering and spraying herbicides. The surface of the film should be taut and pressed into the soil around the membrane. As the plastic film is tight on the border surface, the bud tip of garlic can break the film and protrude the film surface, and individual unbreakable ones can be artificially broken to induce the emergence of the film.

5 growth period management

The sprouting stage requires sufficient soil moisture, looseness and ventilation. In the seedling stage, the soil quality and soil moisture should be irrigated once or twice in late autumn. If the base fertilizer is too little, it can also be washed into the water or combined with inter-row ploughing with compound fertilizer 10kg per mu. Pour frozen water once before freezing in December, and then cover the border with a layer of grass dung or wheat straw or corn straw to preserve soil moisture and increase temperature. When garlic grows to 6-8 leaves, flower buds and scale buds begin to differentiate, at this time the temperature has begun to warm, garlic enters the green stage, the mulch should be removed in time, and two-toothed hooks should be used for ploughing and loosening the soil and squatting seedlings. Early watering green water and applying urea 10~15kg per mu with the water, and then shallow and medium ploughing to preserve soil moisture to increase soil temperature. During the extension period of garlic bolting and the expansion period of garlic head, it is necessary to ensure that the border surface is not dry, apply an appropriate amount of available fertilizer according to the seedling condition, and apply ammonium bicarbonate 10~15kg or urea 5~10kg, potash fertilizer 5kg per mu.

6 timely harvest

6.1 garlic bolts can be harvested when they protrude the leaf sheath and bend slightly at the top and droop in a semicircle. The time of bolting in the temperate zone of autumn sowing, such as Shandong, is around mid-April for early-maturing varieties and early May for mid-late-maturing varieties. The watering was stopped 5-7 days before bolting, and after 10:00 to 3 pm on a sunny day, the garlic bolts began to stretch out the leaf sheath and lifted sharply when making small bends. If it can not be pulled out, it can be removed from the middle of the pseudo-stem, that is, the penultimate 3-4 leaves, and the functional leaves should be protected as far as possible, especially the uppermost 1-2 leaves.

6.2 the early-maturing varieties of garlic harvest were in the first and middle of May, and the middle and late-maturing varieties were in early June, marked by the withered and yellow bottom leaves and the beginning of yellow leaves in the middle. When harvesting, first use a shovel to dig gently on the side of the garlic seedling, and then you can pull it out with your hand. After the garlic is lined up with roots and leaves, the garlic leaves are covered with garlic and dried in the sun, then braided for storage or stacked, and should be covered with rain film in case of rain.