Technical measures to prevent the production of empty chaff grains in Rice
The empty grain of rice refers to the empty grain that is not fertilized and the half-empty grain that can not develop after fertilization, which has a great influence on the yield of rice. Therefore, in rice production, in addition to striving for more panicles and large panicles, it is necessary to reduce empty grains, increase seed setting rate and increase 1000-grain weight in order to obtain high yield. At present, it is the filling and fruiting stage of rice. In order to prevent the production of empty grains and achieve the goal of high yield, comprehensive preventive measures must be taken. The specific measures are as follows:
The main results are as follows: 1. The physiological morphology of rice varieties with good fruiting is different, and the seed setting rate is very different. Generally, the varieties with strong stress resistance and wide adaptability have high seed setting rate. In production, varieties with cold resistance or heat resistance, fertilizer resistance and lodging resistance, uniform heading, not easy to premature senescence in the later stage and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests should be selected, which can reduce the influence and ensure a higher seed setting rate when they encounter adverse environment.
2. Sowing and transplanting at the right time. Avoid the injury of high and low temperature according to local conditions, arrange the season, early-maturing varieties are not easy to sow prematurely, so as to avoid low temperature at panicle stage and increase empty chaff grains. Late rice should not be sown too late, so as not to affect the fruiting due to low temperature in the later stage.
3. Rational fertilization and irrigation. To improve the seed setting rate, it is necessary to reasonably close planting, use water scientifically, prevent premature closure, affect ventilation and light transmission, and greedy green and early senescence in the later stage, resulting in malnutrition, so as to create good conditions for the formation and development of rice panicle grains, so as to improve the seed setting rate and promote the fullness of grain.
4. emergency measures should be taken in time to reduce the loss of rice from booting to heading and flowering. If there is high temperature or low temperature, preventive measures should be taken in time to reduce the harm and improve the seed setting rate. During the booting stage of early rice or the heading and flowering stage of late rice, if the low temperature is below 20 ℃, the deep water should be irrigated in time and the effect is better. If the heat preservation agent is added to the deep water at the same time, the effect will be better. When the high temperature of early rice is more than 35 ℃ at heading and flowering stage, daily irrigation in deep water and night discharge can be used to reduce the temperature, increase the relative humidity and increase the seed setting rate.
5. Extra-root topdressing can be sprayed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. When high or low temperature occurs, spraying 3% calcium superphosphate solution or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the root can enhance the resistance of rice plants to high and low temperature, which is beneficial to increase the seed setting rate and increase the 1000-grain weight.
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First of all, 16% of the evil lines are clear to control the "spikelet head" of rice.
For many years, the phenomenon of "spikelet head" (also known as spikelet warping) under multi-variety, multi-planting level and multi-ecological conditions has occurred in large-scale production in Jiangsu and other major rice production areas, which is characterized by small spikes and small glumes. After grain filling, the inner shell is cracked, part of the rice grains are exposed, the rice is small and beige black and brown. The occurrence is particularly serious in the Lixiahe area, coastal area, along the Huaihe River, along the Huaihe River, along the hills and other areas in Jiangsu Province. It is estimated that in recent years, the affected area of Jiangsu Province alone has been about 100000 hectares per year, and the yield of rice has been reduced by more than 100m kg, resulting in cumulative damage to rice production.
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Fertilization measures for preventing chilling injury of Rice
Fertilization cases: in 2006, in Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province and other rice growing areas, some rice seedlings encountered low temperatures below 17 ℃ in the early stage of rice growth, resulting in varying degrees of rice chilling injury. In Ningxia and Zhangjiakou rice cropping areas in northwest China, in the late autumn rice growth period, when the temperature dropped to less than 20 ℃ during the filling season, the rice encountered chilling injury, which was very disadvantageous to grain filling. The seed setting rate decreased by 10-20%, and the heavy ones decreased by more than 50%. Expert comments: in the northern rice-growing areas, in order to prevent the cold damage caused by low temperature weather to rice production
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