High yield and high efficiency techniques of rice-fish rotation in Tian-Tang type

Tian-Tang rice-fish rotation is a high-yield and high-efficiency technical model formed by continuous improvement on the basis of popularizing "pit-pond" and "gully-slip" rice fields in western Fujian in the past two years. In 2000, Longyan City popularized rice field fish culture of more than 20, 000 mu, of which the rice-fish rotation area of Tian Tang type was nearly 5000 mu. On March 21 this year, Longyan Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau and Liancheng County Science and Technology Bureau organized relevant experts to conduct on-site sampling and acceptance of Li Jincai's 1.8mu rice and fish farming in Songyang Village, Gechuan Township, where this model was implemented. the total fresh fish production was 1112.5 kg, and the total fish output value was 8482.5 yuan. the total gross profit is 5248.5 yuan, the output value of fish per mu is 4712.5 yuan, and the average gross profit per mu is 2915.8 yuan. At the same time, the yield of rice is about 10% higher than that of previous years, and the yield of wet grain per mu reaches 833.5 kg. The goal of high yield and high efficiency of "thousands of jin of rice and fish" has been achieved. In order to vigorously promote this high-yield and high-efficiency rice culture technology, Fujian Marine and Fisheries Bureau held an on-the-spot meeting of paddy field aquaculture in Liancheng County. The main technical points of this model are briefly introduced as follows:

I. basic equipment

1. Heighten, widen and strengthen the ridges of the fields to form deep-water fish ponds. Brick, cement painting, cement precast block paving and other methods can be used to permanently strengthen the ridge of the field. It is required to raise the ridge of the field to 1.5 meters, so that the water depth during the fish culture period can reach more than 1.2 meters. Widen the ridge of the field by more than 1 meter in order to plant ryegrass, corn grass, Sudan grass and so on. If you can match some of the green fodder, it is better.

two。 Arrange the inlet and outlet. Can be set with cement pipe or bamboo tube, the inlet is equipped with 60 mesh silk mesh to intercept enemy pests, and the outlet is equipped with 20 mesh sieve silk to prevent escape. Try to arrange the inlet and outlet diagonally to form convection, which is conducive to water exchange and maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen.

3. Equipped with 10% of the fish breeding ponds. Generally, 0.1 mu of rice field is used to raise and strengthen the seedlings into pits and ponds immediately after the seedlings come out in the early season, and the summer flower fry are put in time for intensive cultivation, which can be used as a spare fish species for fish culture in rice fields.

2. Fish fingerling restocking

1. Cultivation of spare fish species for fish culture in rice fields. 1350 fry of all kinds of summer flowers were reared at 0.1mu, including 500grass carp, 200silver carp, 100bighead carp, 300Jian carp, 200Pengze crucian carp and 50 others.

two。 Stocking of adult fish culture in late rice fields. For example, the planned output per mu is 500 kg, and the required stocking capacity is 850, including 300 grass carp fingerling above 20 cm, 150 silver carp fingerling and 50 bighead carp fingerling, 200 larvae of 10 cm Jian carp and 100 Pengze crucian carp or engineering crucian carp, and 50 other fish species.

III. Production management

1. Preparation before releasing Fish seed in Paddy Field

1 the weeds in the surrounding fields should be cleared immediately after the early rice harvest. (2) heighten and strengthen the ridge of the field, check and eliminate the hidden danger of leakage. (3) arrange flood discharge and escape prevention facilities at the inlet and outlet. (4) 10 days before stocking, the rice fields were sterilized with 75 kilograms of quicklime per mu. (5) 300 kg of rotten manure was released per mu 7 days before stocking. Fill the ponds with water.

two。 Disinfection of stocked fish fingerling

1 the fingerlings were sprinkled in the whole pond with 0.7ppm copper sulfate or 0.3 ~ 0.5 ppm trichlorfon 5-7 days before transfer. 2 Grass carp species before entering the pond should be injected with grass carp "quadruple" vaccine, then soaked in 5ppm mercurous nitrate for 10 minutes, and then transferred into the pond.

3. Feeding and management

1 "four fixed" feeding method. That is, fixed quality, quantitative, positioning, timing, not only to ensure the nutritional needs of fish, but also not to waste pollution of water quality. (2) "four diligence" management method. That is, frequently patrol the pond, look at the water color, check frequently, and prevent fish disease diligently. (3) bait and bait standard. For grass carp, the combination of pellet feed and high quality green feed should be adopted. For example, the self-made granule should be stable in water for more than 10 minutes. The formula can be used: 45% soybean meal, 10% rapeseed cake, 13% rice bran, 12% wheat husk, 16.5% secondary powder, 1% vitamin premix, 0.95% mineral salt premix, 0.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 grams of vitamin C per ton of feed and 3000 grams of lysine. The feed coefficient of this feed formula is 1.5-1.8.

It is important to learn to determine the amount of fish to feed every day. The feeding rate can be determined according to the fish size and water temperature. Verified by practice, the feeding rate from May to the first ten days of October is as follows:

Fish size (g) 255075100150200250300400500600

Feeding rate (%) 4.53.73.43.23.02.82.52.32.01.71.4

Due to the cold weather in winter, the food intake of fish decreased obviously, and the feeding rate should be reduced accordingly. In extremely cold weather, only 1% can be fed three times a week; from December to February of the following year, once a day at 60% of the listed tables; and from mid-October to November and from March to April of the following year, according to 80% of the listed tables, twice a day. Each month, 30 fish should be randomly selected to determine the average tail weight, then multiplied by the total tail number to get the total weight of pond fish, and the total feeding rate should be calculated according to the feeding rate to calculate the total feeding amount. The habit of feeding is fine-tuned once a week.

IV. Summary and discussion

1. "Tian Tang" rice-fish rotation, due to the introduction of pond intensive culture technology into rice field fish culture, therefore, high yield and high efficiency can be achieved, and a bumper harvest of both rice and fish can be achieved. From the practice of western Fujian, rice fish culture has begun to leap from the auxiliary position of field agriculture to the leading position, and the income ratio of fish to rice is generally 5:1. The high-yield rice raising model is not only a good form to promote the optimization of field agricultural structure and the sustainable development of fishery, but also a new growth point of rural economic development and a new bright spot of increasing farmers' income.

two。 The innovation of rice-fish rotation in Tian-Tang type lies in that the extensive culture of rice and fish in traditional flat-plate rice field is changed to intensive culture, the water level is deepened, the number of stocking varieties is increased, pellet compound feed is fed, oxygen is added to improve water quality, and the ridge of the field is improved from once a year to permanent engineering ridge. the tillage layer is well protected, there is no division in the fields and ponds, it is suitable for rice and fishing, and it is very convenient to use and popularize. Compared with "gully type" and "pit type" rice and fish, it completely overcomes the contradiction of applying pesticides, chemical fertilizers and roasting fields. Moreover, it is exempted from the hard work of digging ditches and pits every year. Rice-fish rotation makes rice and fish form a mutually beneficial relationship. It has been proved that the diseases and insect pests of fish and rice are reduced, and the rice yield is higher than that of single management. This method is suitable to be popularized in subtropical or mid-subtropical single-cropping rice growing areas and is easily accepted by the public.

3. At present, the variety of paddy field fish culture in the mountainous area of western Fujian is still relatively single, so we should strengthen the exploration in paddy field @ 234 fish farming, @ 235fish breeding, frog breeding and so on, and constantly open up new fields of rice field ecological culture. by drawing lessons from the high-quality rice field breed culture in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, so as to re-innovate the effect of "Tian Tang type" paddy field aquaculture.