Prevention and treatment of common diseases of soft-shelled turtle

Soft-shelled turtle diseases can be divided into three categories: infectious soft-shelled turtle diseases caused by bacteria, molds or viruses, parasitic diseases caused by parasites and diseases caused by other causes. the more harmful and common diseases are red floor disease, white floor disease and red neck disease. Skin rot disease, perforation disease, white spot disease, bell disease and so on. The following is an introduction to the pathogens, causes and treatment of various diseases.

1. Red neck disease

The pathogen. The pathogen of red neck disease is Aeromonas hydrophila, which is gram-negative. Soft-shelled turtles with bacteria and polluted pond water are the main sources of infection, and the disease may occur throughout the year through the digestive tract, and the epidemic season is from March to June. At this time, the soft-shelled turtle just after the hibernation period, the body nutrients are consumed a lot, physical decline, poor resistance to disease, the pool water of Aeromonas hydrophila took the opportunity to invade the human body, causing infection. Stress factors such as poor water quality, sudden change of bait, skin damage and parasites can all be the causes of the disease. The mortality rate of newly hatched juvenile soft-shelled turtles to 2 kg is more than 30%, and the incidence of the disease decreases after cool autumn.

Symptoms: first of all, the diseased soft-shelled turtle showed decreased sensitivity to external stress, slow action, not eating, like drilling in the mud, and then neck congestion, redness and swelling of the abdominal nail appeared erythema, and gradually eroded into rotten spots, mouth and nose redness, severe mouth and nose bleeding, red and swollen all over the body, cloudy and white eyes and even blindness, climbing ashore to die of anatomical examination, it can be seen that the mucous membrane of esophagus and intestine is obviously congested. The liver is swollen, brittle and fragile, with gray-white needle tip necrotic lesions on the surface and splenomegaly.

Prevention and treatment:

(1) sprinkle 0.2 Mel 0.4 g / m3 (m3) of chlorine in the pond and stop eating for 1 day.

(2) the soft-shelled turtle was fed healthily on the second day, and the turtle was fed with 1.5% of the added material. The amount of bait should be finished in 3 hours. For three days in a row.

(3) the diseased soft-shelled turtles caught were immediately isolated and washed with 0.4 g / m 3 for half an hour.

2. Skin rot

Pathogen: the pathogen of skin rot disease is caused by many kinds of bacterial infection, such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, achrobacter and so on. The main reason for the disease is that after the soft-shelled turtle body is injured, the bacteria are re-infected.

Symptoms: the skin of the limbs, neck, tail and skirt of the diseased soft-shelled turtle was seriously ulcerated or eroded, the skin tissue was necrotic, whitened or yellowed, and even the skin of the limbs rotted, took off its claws and exposed its bones. Most of the diseased soft-shelled turtles can survive for a long time, and the affected parts will sometimes recover naturally in the turtle pond with good environmental conditions. In severe cases, the muscles and bones of the neck are exposed, the skirt fester, and finally die. The disease often occurs in ponds where the water quality is too fat, the silt is too thick and there are no preventive measures. The disease can be seen throughout the year and is prevalent in late spring and early summer. With the increase of density and deterioration of water quality, the incidence of the disease increases, seriously affecting the growth and commercial value of soft-shelled turtles.

Prevention and treatment:

(l) Prevention and treatment: disinfect the turtle pond once a month and use 0.2 g / m3 (cubic meters) rich chlorine or 20 g / m3 quicklime.

(2) treatment: 0.3 g / m 3 rich weave was sprinkled for 2 consecutive days, and the soft-shelled turtle was fed healthily for 3 days from the second day. 1.5% of the added amount of feed was added, and the amount of bait was eaten in 3 hours.

(3) the diseased soft-shelled turtles caught should be isolated and soaked in 0.4 / m 3 grams of soft-shelled turtles for 20 minutes.

3. Perforation disease

Pathogen: the pathogen of perforation is Aeromonas aeruginosa. Due to the deterioration of the feeding environment, food spoilage, lack of vitamins, or mutual bites and transport damage, Aeromonas infection.

Symptoms: in the early stage of the disease, several or more than a dozen sores appeared in the back and abdominal armour of soft-shelled turtles, and soon they fell off on their own, leaving a small hole in the back and abdominal armour, the edge of the hole was inflamed, there was blood outflow under light pressure, and then the cave expanded, and the oracle bone could be seen. The one on the edge of the skirt can cross the other side. Long-term feeding of animal bait with poor freshness and injury of soft-shelled turtle are the inducements of the disease, and bacterial infection is the main cause of the disease. The disease can occur in the whole culture cycle and is prevalent from May to July.

Prevention and treatment:

(l) Prevention: regular change of water and application of quicklime to regulate water quality, prevent deterioration, feed fresh bait, and add special soft-shelled turtle feed additive.

(2) treatment: sprinkle with 25 kg quicklime dissolved water at a depth of 1 meter per mu. Or sprinkle with chlorine-rich dissolved water; from the second day, feed the soft-shelled turtle healthy for 6 days, with 1.5% of the added amount of mixed bait, whichever is finished by 2Mel in 4 hours; isolate the diseased soft-shelled turtle and soak it with 0.4 g / m3 net.

4. Red base plate disease

The disease is also known as red spot and red spot, because the diseased soft-shelled turtle suffering from the disease has both red spots and red symptoms of the whole floor.

Pathogen: Aeromonas punctata.

Symptoms: the diseased soft-shelled turtle is not easy to observe, but when it comes out of the water or climbs up to the shore or drills into the sediment, the condition is already quite serious, so in production, it is often unable to achieve a very good therapeutic effect. The sick soft-shelled turtle is very slow to respond to external stimuli, and some people do not run near it, so it is very easy to catch. The most obvious symptom of the disease is that the entire floor is red and swollen or erythematous, accompanied by ulceration and edema. Some soft-shelled turtles bleed from mouth and nose. Anatomy showed that there were serious pathological changes in the liver, some black and some variegated. Local or whole intestinal tract is congested and inflamed. Some have stagnant water in the abdominal cavity.

Prevention and treatment:

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