Cultivation and management of tea trees in greenhouse

Covering plastic greenhouse in tea garden is an important cultivation and management technology to advance the mining time of famous and high-quality tea, improve quality and greatly increase economic benefits. The main function of the greenhouse is heat preservation and frost prevention, generally from late October to late December of the first year, the cover film is built before the frost comes, and the film can be uncovered in the first and middle of April of the following year.

Greenhouse environmental management

The suitable temperature for tea growth in the greenhouse is 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, the highest is not more than 30 ℃, and the lowest is not less than 8 ℃. The temperature in the shed at noon on a sunny day may exceed 30 ℃, then you must open the door or open the vent to cool down; when the temperature drops to 20 ℃, you should close the vent in time; the temperature drops rapidly at night, so you should pay attention to heat preservation, especially in cold, rainy or windy days. Because the greenhouse is in a sealed state, the respiration of tea trees and the decomposition of soil organic matter will make great changes in the gas composition in the greenhouse, affecting the growth of tea trees, so they should be properly ventilated every day; generally, under the condition that the temperature of the greenhouse is not lower than 8 ℃, open the vents or curtains at 10:00 and close at 3 p.m.

After the greenhouse is built, in case of heavy rain, wind, snow and other weather, it should be checked in time, such as skew, damage, air leakage, rain leakage, etc., it should be strengthened and filled in time, and if there is snow on the roof, it must be removed in time to prevent the film or scaffolding from being crushed.

Cultivation and management of tea trees in greenhouse

Application of sufficient base fertilizer: due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, the original dormancy habits of tea trees were changed, and the aboveground parts of tea trees were in a certain state of activity in autumn, winter and early spring, so base fertilizer must be applied before the greenhouse was built. Fertilizer types should be mainly rotten organic fertilizer, and mixed with a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer, such as Zhongcha No. 1 tea tree special fertilizer and so on.

Early application of sprouting fertilizer: greenhouse tea trees germinate early in spring, and there is no threat of late frost. therefore, early spring should be fertilized as early as possible to promote the germination of overwintering buds. The budding fertilizer will be ready in the first and middle of February.

In order to prevent the deficiency of tea trees in the greenhouse, it is necessary to comprehensively nourish tea trees and promote their healthy growth and germination as early as possible. multi-functional foliar nutrients that not only contain a variety of nutrients but also promote growth should be sprayed from after covering the film to before opening the film. such as "Love Nong", "Gao Meishi", "Ye Mianbao" and "Tianyuan" and so on.

Timely irrigation: the soil uptake of atmospheric precipitation in the greenhouse is greatly reduced, so the soil water content in the root distribution layer of tea trees is much lower than that of open-air tea gardens. During the covering period, each greenhouse can be irrigated by artificial spray every 5 to 8 days according to the local water source and topographic conditions, or by means of water lifting irrigation or diversion ditch irrigation to ensure the normal growth of tea trees.

Increase the application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer: in the sunny greenhouse, the photosynthesis is the strongest and the carbon dioxide concentration is the lowest from 9: 00 a.m. to 3: 00 p.m. at this time, the intensity of photosynthesis is often reduced due to lack of carbon dioxide, affecting the growth and quality of tea. Therefore, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer should be applied to the greenhouse tea garden. High-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the cylinder can be slowly poured into the plastic sealed bag from the air valve (leaving an air inlet, the volume is about 0.5 cubic meters). After the plastic bag is expanded and filled with gas fertilizer, fasten the mouth of the bag and put 2 bags of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer per mu of greenhouse tea garden. Every day at about 9: 00 am, the tea garden is placed at an equal distance between the rows, the plastic bag is opened and sealed, and it is reclaimed at 4: 00 p. M., re-filled with carbon dioxide according to the original method, and applied continuously. By using this method, the concentration of carbon dioxide in greenhouse tea garden can be increased by more than 2 times. Special carbon dioxide granule fertilizer can also be applied.

Ploughing and hoeing combined with grass laying: the temperature in the greenhouse is high, weeds are easy to grow and propagate, so one-time ploughing and hoeing should be carried out with the application of base fertilizer after autumn tea harvest, and grass should be spread among the tea rows. Take all kinds of mountain weeds and crop orange stalks as grass sources, 500-600 kg per mu, 10-15 cm thick, and press the soil properly on the grass. Deep burying in the soil in the second autumn can not only maintain moisture and increase temperature, but also improve soil fertility.

Reasonable pruning and picking: in the greenhouse tea garden, it is appropriate to postpone the routine pruning before spring tea (such as light pruning, deep pruning, etc.) to the end of spring tea or after summer tea. Control the height of the tree about 80 cm, after autumn tea combined with early closure of the garden for a light pruning and edge pruning, finishing the canopy surface, in order to facilitate ventilation and light and tea plant nutrient accumulation. Deep pruning was carried out every 2 ~ 3 years and re-pruning was carried out in 5 ~ 8 years to rejuvenate the tree. Do not prune the tea garden deeply in autumn and winter every year, so as not to affect the early occurrence of buds and leaves of spring tea the following year.