Radiation breeding of tea plant
The variation of tea tree was induced by radiation, which was selected and bred into a new variety.
Compared with traditional breeding methods, radiation breeding can generally increase the mutation frequency by about 1000 times, which is more effective for changing one or two characters. it has the characteristics of breaking the old linkage and transplanting chromosome fragments, overcoming distant cross incompatibility, using self-incompatibility of cross-pollinated plants to self-compatibility, and producing mutation types that rarely exist in nature.
Radiation can be divided into two types: ionizing radiation and thermal radiation. Ionizing rays, such as γ-rays and perylene rays, are generally used as mutagenic factors in tea breeding. The main process includes: parent selection, material treatment, identification and selection, and the remaining steps are used for general breeding.
Parent selection: parents with good comprehensive characters and few defects should be selected as experimental materials. Tea seedlings or cuttings, cuttings and axillary buds are generally used as radiation treatment materials, and most of them are treated with seeds and seedlings.
Radiation treatment: there are two types of external irradiation and internal irradiation. Acute external irradiation was performed with semi-lethal dose (LD50) or critical dose (LD40). The critical radiation dose of dormant tea seeds is 0.4 ~ 8000 roentgen, the annual seedling is 0.3 ~ 5000 roentgen, and the slow radiation is 10 ~ 30 roentgen / day. When the seeds are treated with P32 or S35 for internal irradiation, the seed water content should be obtained in advance. If P32 solution is used, the amount of radioactive solution should be converted according to the seed water content, and the concentration is 0.02 μ Curie / ml.
Identification and selection: after radiation treatment, tea seeds and seedlings (M1) showed late germination, low seedling rate, weak growth and abnormal leaves. Seeds and vegetative organs are multicellular structures, and not all embryos or vegetative organs mutate after radiation treatment, so asexual segregation will occur in contemporary or future generations.
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Cancer of tea root
Symptoms occurred in Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces. It mainly harms the roots. At the beginning of the disease, the main root and lateral root produced light brown spherical protuberances, and then expanded into tumors, small ones like grains, large ones like broad beans, multiple small tumors gathered together to form large tumors, and later tumors became brown and Lignification, rough surface and hard texture. Cutting seedlings infected with little or no roots, resulting in slim plant weakness or leaf yellowing and shedding, plant death. Pathogen Agropyi μ Mt μ mefaciens
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Anti-freezing remedy and Restoration measures of Tea Plant
Since January 11, the rainy and snowy weather in Hubei province has lasted for more than half a month and has evolved into a "snow disaster". The seriousness of this disaster lies in the overlap and long duration of low temperature and rain and snow, which has a great impact on agriculture in Hubei Province, and tea is no exception. From the investigation and understanding of various tea areas, most tea gardens in our province have varying degrees of frost injury, which will be more serious if effective measures are not taken, and the impact on the production of spring tea in the province this year is almost a foregone conclusion, and the opening of spring tea garden is at least 10-15 days later than in previous years. In this paper, the anti-freezing and remedial measures of tea trees are mentioned.
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