Cancer of tea root
Symptoms occurred in Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces. It mainly harms the roots. At the beginning of the disease, the main root and lateral root produced light brown spherical protuberances, and then expanded into tumors, small ones like grains, large ones like broad beans, multiple small tumors gathered together to form large tumors, and later tumors became brown and Lignification, rough surface and hard texture. Cutting seedlings infected with little or no roots, resulting in slim plant weakness or leaf yellowing and shedding, plant death.
The pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens (SmithTownsend) cinn is called Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which belongs to prokaryotes. The pathogenic bacteria were short rod-shaped, 1.5 × 0.4-0.8 (Ftm) in size, with 3 weekly flagella, capsular, and negative for Gram staining. The colony was white to grayish white on Agar medium. The strain has a wide host range and can infect more than 300 kinds of plants. The optimum temperature for development was 25 ℃ 30 ℃, 51 ℃ was killed in 10 minutes, and the optimum PH7.3 was found. Die in 25 minutes in 10% lime milk.
Transmission routes and disease conditions of bacteria overwintering in soil or diseased tissue, transmitted by irrigation water or Rain Water, can also be transmitted by underground pests and bacteria-carrying tools. Long-distance transmission can also be carried out with diseased soil and diseased seedlings. The germs invade the cortical tissue from the wound or incision and grow and multiply. The cells around the wound accelerate division due to the stimulation of bacteria, forming a large number of proliferative tumors. Whether there are wounds and incisions in the production of seedlings is an important condition for the occurrence of the disease. The nursery with low-lying terrain, high soil moisture and heavy soil viscosity is easy to suffer from the disease.
Prevention and control methods (1) strict quarantine, the transfer of seedlings from the disease area is strictly prohibited. (2) the cutting nursery was established on the unplanted land with leeward and sunny, good drainage and loose soil. (3) strengthen the management of tea garden, control underground pests in time, and do everything possible to reduce root wounds. (4) the diseased points were disinfected with 96% copper sulfate solution or 100-fold Bordeaux solution with 1% copper sulfate or 100-fold Bordeaux solution after discovering the diseased plants in time, or 1000 times of 1000-fold emulsion of 80% antibacterial agent 402.
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Occurrence characteristics and control techniques of black whitefly in tea plant
The black thorn whitefly mainly uses the larvae to absorb the tea tree juice on the back of the leaves, which causes coal bacteria parasitism and coal disease, and when it is serious, the tea tree is pitch black. The damaged tea trees had lower photosynthetic efficiency, lower germination density, late germination, thin bud leaves and serious defoliation, which not only affected the yield and quality of tea, but also seriously affected the potential of tea trees. 1. The occurrence characteristics of the insect occur for four generations a year, overwintering as mature larvae on the back of tea leaves, pupating in March in the second year, and the peak periods of the first to fourth generation larvae are in late May, mid-July, late August and September, respectively.
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Radiation breeding of tea plant
The variation of tea tree was induced by radiation, which was selected and bred into a new variety. Compared with traditional breeding methods, radiation breeding can generally increase the mutation frequency by about 1000 times, which is more effective for changing one or two characters. it has the characteristics of breaking the old linkage and transplanting chromosome fragments, overcoming distant cross incompatibility, using self-incompatibility of cross-pollinated plants to self-compatibility, and producing mutation types that rarely exist in nature. Radiation has ionizing radiation and heat.
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