Key points of ecological cultivation techniques for improved tea varieties

1. Choose the garden. It is required to choose soil or soil suitable for tea tree growth in good environmental conditions, surrounding forest areas, mountains and water, fresh air, clear spring water, deep or fertile soil, slightly acidic, and preferably incense ash soil. To come up with good tea should be a unique place.

2. Reclaim and prepare the land. The first is to clean up the trees, shrubs, and stones on the ground; the second is to remove the roots of trees, weeds, and bamboo whips; the depth of reclamation is more than 50 centimeters, and the perennial weeds and rattan roots must be cleared clean, leaving no dead corners. The third is to level the terrain, the high mounds should be pushed away and the low-lying potholes should be filled. The isolation ditch is opened around, and the water storage ditch is set up at a certain distance in the middle of the plot according to the situation. Water is stored in sunny and dry times, and Rain Water is excreted for a long time.

3. Select improved varieties. It is necessary to introduce excellent varieties promoted by the current country and province, such as Zhenong 117, Longjing 43, Pingyang special early tea, etc., which can quickly adapt to the requirements of growth and tea produced in this region. And match the early, middle and late varieties according to the needs of production development. It is necessary to introduce healthy tea seedlings that meet the national standards. The specification requirements are first of all sturdy, generally different from

4. Tea tree planting. Planting mode: the row hole spacing of single row planting is 150 cm ~ 33 cm, and 2 plants are planted in each clump, and the hole spacing of large rows and small rows planted in double rows is 120 ~ 125 cm ~ 30 cm ~ 25 cm ~ 33 cm. Planting season: autumn or spring. It should be decided according to the specific conditions of various localities, such as climatic conditions, development area, manpower arrangement, tea seedling transportation, tea tree varieties, and so on. Generally speaking, the planting area is large and the development task is heavy. Tea varieties that sprout early can be planted immediately after Frosts Descent. If the planting area is small, the development task is light, and the tea sprouting is not very early, it can be planted in spring. Before planting, it is necessary to open ditches, apply enough organic fertilizer, and return to floating soil with base fertilizer. In dry highlands or tuyere terrain to deep reclamation shallow species, in low-lying areas prone to stagnant water to open shallow reclamation shallow species, planting soil and tea seedlings mud door level, layered and solid, tea line seedling feet covered with floating soil, cover grass. Pruning immediately after planting, cut off at 12-15 cm high from the ground, as the first stereotyped pruning. The management of seedling stage should do a good job of anti-freezing and drought prevention, remove weeds frequently and apply thin fertilizer to strive for strong and whole seedlings. Those missing plants should be made up in time.

5. Fertilizing in tea garden. Should use organic fertilizer and farm fertilizer mainly, agricultural products processing by-products and scraps, such as rapeseed cake, sugar bagasse and so on are very good fertilizers. Secondary pollution should be prevented in the pollution-free treatment of organic fertilizers. When applying base fertilizer and base fertilizer, we must open deep ditches (more than 35 cm) to bury the soil, and we can apply more if possible, so that the root system will expand downward and meet the needs of tea growth as far as possible.

6. Planting green manure and intercropping legume crops accumulate more organic matter in tea garden. It is an important way to solve the fertilizer source of tea garden. Green manure planting is combined with selective grass retention and grass cultivation. The dwarf type is suitable for intercropping green manure, legumes and other crops should choose varieties with strong ability of fixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, varieties with high yield of grasses, more regressions, coarse stems and leaves, multi-root system and small, shallow root type. It is easy to pour grass this way, and the fertile land is good. Intercropping plants should choose grass varieties that are beneficial to improve soil fertility or not to plunder too much soil fertility and water, and have no common disease with tea trees or will not compete for more fertilizer and water. Such as planting soybeans, peanuts, etc., rhizobium accumulates nitrogen fertilizer, stem and leaf, branch and leaf, bean stalk fertilizer garden, at the same time, it also provides good feed for @ # @ 254 grass @ and so on. In Jinsheng tea garden, there is also a kind of broad-leaf grass with small root, thick stem and strong grass, which is called "flying all over the sky", also known as wild dandelion, which has been proved to be a good crop among tea gardens.

7. it is necessary to open up a relatively stable natural source of fertilizer, which comes from animals and plants. In addition to planting green manure and applying organic fertilizer, we should also cut more forage, tender leaves and firewood around. Strive for 1500-200kg of returned objects per mu of tea garden every year. The first comes from the leaves of firewood and grass, and a large number of leaves of firewood and grass around the tea garden are cut into the tea garden. Second, the pruned branches and leaves of the tea tree itself and the fallen flowers and leaves of the surrounding woods. Third, the droppings of wild animals and birds. Fourth, after spreading grass through the tea garden, a large number of larger earthworms, earthworm activities and feces are propagated. The fifth termite decomposes the dead wood, which improves the soil structure. The final burying method is to bury weeds in tea garden with ploughing hoe. During the production period, grass cover can also be used to suppress grass. Grass laying in tea garden can effectively prevent drought, cold, fertilizer and moisture, and reduce soil moisture.

8. Tea tree pruning. Stereotyped pruning should be carried out timely according to the growth potential of tea trees, and can be trimmed twice a year. In the tea garden management, we should pay attention to the tea tree stereotyping and pruning, shaping and cultivating the crown, appropriate density, adopting low canopy type, and dwarfing the tea tree. It is ideal to control the height of tea trees between 60 and 70 centimeters. Light pruning usually cuts off the surface layer of the crown 3-5 cm before spring tea. Optimize the crown type of tea tree growth and improve light energy and land utilization. It can not only give full play to the advantages of tea population, but also give full play to the growth and development of tea individuals. Increase the unit output. Improve the quality of tea. Temporary pruning work should also be kept up with, such as frost damage in early spring, drought damage in summer, and infestation of branches such as borer, etc. should be cut off dead branches and insect branches in time.

9. The tea garden should be ploughed deeply. Deep turning should be moderate at the end of autumn, once a year, with a depth of 25-30 cm and a focus on 40 cm between the rows (about 3 hoes are wide and aligned). The feet of the tea canopy on both sides are slightly shallow, in order to hoe the grass. Ploughing should be timely after spring tea. The depth of weeding in the middle ploughing is about 10 cm, and then the weeds are kept selectively.

10. Control of diseases and insect pests. In line with the principle of respecting nature, be good at protecting and making use of natural enemy resources. Combined with the management of tea garden such as deep ploughing, weeding, pruning and tea picking, some agronomic measures were carried out, such as artificial catching, killing insects, removing insect bracts, eggs, moths, digging pupae, cutting insect branches and so on, in order to basically achieve the purpose of pest control. Reduce the damage degree of diseases and insect pests to the economic level of the allowable range. According to the growth characteristics of tea trees, the ecosystem of tea garden is more stable. Because of the special ecological environment, the species and number of natural organisms in the tea garden are quite rich. There are many natural enemies in our tea garden: mantis, lacewings, ladybugs, spiders, parasitic wasps, cocoon wasps, snake finches, yellow finches, tits, cuckoos, thrushes, owls and so on. Good for us.

11. Tea picking. It is not only the harvest process, but also the management content. It is necessary to pick it in strict accordance with the standard, reasonable and timely. As a tea garden for picking famous tea, it is necessary to pick her down as long as there is tea to pick. As long as you can stir-fry it in a pot. Teach pickers to pay attention to hygiene when picking tea, wash their hands clean, and don't eat snacks. Do light picking, light put, do not squeeze the bud leaves. The fingernails of picking tea should be cut short and try not to come into contact with the tea so as not to pollute the tea. The tea baskets, tea baskets and baskets used to transport tea should be clean and clean.