Authentic cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata

The meaning of Gastrodia elata is called Red Arrow, Dingfeng Grass and Water Potato. It is a perennial herb of Orchidaceae. It is a valuable medicine for the treatment of nervous system diseases. The medicinal part is underground tuber, Gastrodia elata has the functions of calming down liver fire, tonifying qi, relieving shock, nourishing liver and relieving spasm. There is no significant difference in morphology and efficacy between Gastrodia elata cultivated in artificial tunnel and wild Gastrodia elata, so the development of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata is an effective measure to solve the decreasing of wild Gastrodia elata. The tunnel (or underground cave) is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is suitable for the growth and development of Gastrodia elata, and is an ideal place to cultivate Gastrodia elata. The authentic cultivation of Gastrodia elata has the advantages of high yield, simple technology, less labor, low cost, easy management, and can avoid a large degree of harm to human, livestock, diseases and insect pests.

As Gastrodia elata can not be autotrophic, its growth must be provided with basic nutrition by Armillaria mellea. Armillaria is a kind of bacteria for both food and medicine. It has a special symbiotic relationship with Gastrodia elata. In artificial cultivation, Armillaria mellea should be cultivated on suitable wood as nutrient substrate.

1. The selection of the tunnel for cultivation of Gastrodia elata should have the following conditions: the ① tunnel should have a low temperature period of more than 10 ℃ for more than a month in winter; the summer temperature of ② should not exceed 28 ℃ to facilitate the growth of Gastrodia elata in summer; and there should be closed holes at both ends of the ③ tunnel to adjust the temperature and humidity in the hole. It is generally appropriate to use shallow tunnels. Before cultivation, clean and smooth the tunnel, open a small ditch against the two walls, it is best to paint the inner wall and sterilize it with sulfur or formaldehyde fumigation.

two。 The cultivation time is from January to February, when the tunnel temperature is about 12 ℃, Rhizoctonia solani can grow, but Gastrodia elata is still in the dormant period: from March to May (the temperature rises to more than 15 ℃), Gastrodia elata begins to germinate and Armillaria mellea has grown well, and has established a symbiotic relationship with Gastrodia elata.

3. The method of cultivating seedlings is to build a fungus cellar 2-3 months before planting Gastrodia elata. The method is as follows: the ground floor is covered with bricks or pebbles, leaving a gap of 1 cm between the bricks to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and then build a brick pool with a width of 1 m and a height of 45 cm. The length depends on the number of fungus. There is no need to glue between the upper and lower bricks, leaving a 1 cm gap between the left and right bricks. The filler is filled with a mixture of rice husk and yellow sand (volume ratio 1 ∶ 1), with a water content of about 30%, first with 6 cm of stuffing, and then with a moisture content of 40%, with fish scales and 80 cm of new wood. Put several fungi on the edge of the new section and fill the gap with fillers. If the above method paves the second floor, it can be paved with 4-5 layers. Finally, cover 4cm with a filler with a water content of about 50%. Check the water content of the filler every 3 to 5 days. If the water content is insufficient, sprinkle the amount of water conservation. Usually pay attention to loose soil ventilation, beneficial to the growth of bacteria. Well-cultivated fungus material will have a large number of fungal cords protruding from the ground.

4. The cultivation of Gastrodia elata is the most practical in the tunnel by building a cellar with bricks. The cellar is built in the same way as the fungus cellar. Spread 6 cm thick sawdust (or rice husk) and sand mixed filler (volume ratio is 1 ∶ 1) at the bottom of the pit, and put the fungus side by side, 3 cm to 4 cm apart. Fill the gap with fillers, so that the fungus is semi-buried. Put a kind of hemp at both ends of each fungus and at the mouth of the fish scale. Place the mulch immediately above the fungus. The thickness of the fungus should be shallowly buried. This method can lay a total of 2-3 layers, each layer is fully watered, and finally covered with 12 cm thick cover, and fully watered, the moisture content is not dry on the surface.

Sexual reproduction can be used for authentic Gastrodia elata. New seeds of Gastrodia elata can be scattered on the fungus, and arrow, white and rice hemp can be produced after a year and a half. Asexual reproduction usually takes place from November of that year to March of the following year. Generally, white hemp and rice hemp are used as seed flax and planted on both sides of the fungus. The density of seed hemp is 300g / m2. There are usually more arrow hemp in the upper layer and more white hemp in the lower layer.

As the temperature in the tunnel is stable, but the humidity changes greatly, it is the key to control the humidity of the base material and air. The climate is generally dry from November to March of the following year, and a layer of straw can be laid on the rice husk and river sand, and sprinkler is used to replenish water. The tunnel is humid from August to October, which can be adjusted by fan blower to increase ventilation volume.

In the early stage of Gastrodia elata cultivation, because Armillaria mellea has not been combined with Gastrodia elata, and Gastrodia elata has not germinated, the water content of fillers should be controlled at about 25%. Too high water content will affect the growth of Armillaria mellea and make the seed rot. In the middle period, due to the germination and rapid growth of Gastrodia elata, the water demand is getting higher and higher, and the water content of the filler should reach about 50%. After watering, the soil should be loosened in time if the filler is hardened. After the arrow hemp is formed, the humidity should be reduced to prevent decay.

The reasons for Gastrodia elata rot are: continuous use of fillers, excessive water content of fillers, and bacterial materials infected by miscellaneous bacteria. The main pest of Gastrodia elata is pseudo-leaf beetle, which can be killed or killed by medicine.

5. Harvest Gastrodia elata growth period is longer, generally in late autumn and early winter harvest, harvest will be separated from all kinds of Gastrodia elata, in addition to leaving seeds, the rest of the processing or medicinal materials, generally small white hemp should be used as seed. If the seed hemp is not cultivated immediately, the vegetative propagation stem of the tail should be removed, dry for 1 to 2 days, and preserved in a wooden box. The method of preservation is as follows: spread a layer of seed flax, cover it with yellow sand, and put another layer of seed hemp, so as to put 4-5 layers on it. Wooden cases should be placed on the ground with a low temperature of up to 4 ℃ in winter. Hibernating after the birth of strong strength, should be inspected frequently, if the surface of 3 centimeters of sand dry, should be appropriate spray water, in order to prevent Gastrodia elata dry shrink, sprinkle less and evenly, too much work will cause Gastrodia elata rot. Generally, the seeds preserved on the ground generally germinate in early April, so it is more beneficial to the growth of Gastrodia elata to keep it on the ground for 45-60 days.