Cultivation techniques of imitating wild, high-efficiency and material-saving Gastrodia elata

Special words to explain doubts:

① imitates wild

From the wild Gastrodia elata harvested in the past few years, it is not difficult to find that the Gastrodia elata population with large size, dense growth and high yield has a common characteristic as follows: the rotten leaf layer is thick and the ground is broken (exposed to the ground), the soil is loose and air is not closed, and there is little sunlight in the shade. Water is suitable for each of the four seasons. The inspiration for artificial imitation of wild flax planting is shallow border, thin soil and thick cover.

High efficiency of ②

Imitating wild Gastrodia elata and sweet potato interplanting on the same border, the experimental results show that the total yield of Gastrodia elata is twice as much as that of sweet potato, so there is a couplet of "1 minute Gastrodia elata 100 pigs, 100 mu corn 1 mu Ma".

③ material saving

Change the routine to break out, cut down big trees to plant Gastrodia elata into 100 jin of branches. That is, energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency of planting flax. Therefore, the bionic planting of 5 million square meters in eight villages of the expert base of the three Gorges Gastrodia Technical Association of Yichang City has achieved a good benefit of an output value of 1 billion yuan. The technical requirements are as follows:

Preparation and treatment of materials before planting

According to the actual planting of 1 square meter, ① fresh branches 4~10cm in diameter, 15 long 30cm thick branches, two color scales on the opposite side of each segment, and 5 kg of long 10cm and 2~4cm twigs in diameter.

② leaves

3 kg of leaves on the ground, spread out, spray 0.2% carbendazim water for disinfection, cover the film for two hours and then spread out, spray non-toxic pesticides and cover the film for two hours to kill insects.

③ medicament

Mix 1 packet of Fangshengling with 250 grams of salt and 1 packet of double-effect powder.

④ saprotic sandy soil

Slope 20~30cm below the loose wasteland and medium-sized pure sand, weathered stone, deep mountain rotten soil, ph value 4 square meters 6. 5 square meters of 20 square meters of soil

⑤ strain

Two bottles of Armillaria mellea.

⑥ hemp seed

There are 50 original species of Wuhongyou or 1kg of conventional species.

Second, planting time and site selection

The most suitable altitude is about 600 to 1800 meters above sea level. Low altitude requires basements, air-raid shelters and so on. Winter and spring planting are carried out from mid-September to late April of the following year, and high-altitude mountain areas can be postponed to late May.

III. To build a bed

Flat ground can be made of bricks and planks into wide 80cm, high 20cm, unlimited pool, terraced horizontal border on sloping land, digging deep 1ocm, random length and width, border spacing 50cm, keeping trees and weeds on the border as far as possible, cheap shading, preventing border collapse or ridge collapse. Drainage ditches were dug around.

4. Sowing and cultivation

Sprinkle the anti-pest spirit salt powder on the bottom surface as the first layer, and the second layer arranges the thick branches according to the square group of "Tian Zi", and the thin branches fill the open space and thick branches flat in the frame. Break the glass bottle, carefully peel off the glass residue, take out the bacteria, break them into pieces of jujube grains, first sow at the cut and both ends of the coarse branches, and then evenly distribute the twigs, then press the Wuhongyou primary flax seed according to each section of the coarse branches, then one in each corner of the box, the bud head is upright next to the bacteria, and the branches are filled with sand and then irrigated until the sand fills the branch. 2 kg of leaves and 3 times the volume of sand were mixed to cover the third layer, and the fourth layer was covered with 5~10cm thick pure sand. The fifth layer is dry sprinkled with double-effect powder. Prepare the liquid according to the water exchange rate of 3 times higher than the pesticide instructions, lightly irrigate the border surface and re-pour the border week. The sixth layer covers 10~20cm thick branches and leaves and weeds.

V. key points of management

1. Temperature:

The suitable temperature for the growth of Gastrodia elata is 9: 25 ℃ at the depth of 30cm below the soil surface, and the tolerance limit is-30 ℃ ~ 33 ℃ outside. In the limit temperature section, do a good job of anti-freezing and sunshade.

2. Moisture:

In the disaster years of special drought and waterlogging, the protection work should be strengthened, water replenishment should be carried out after sunset and soil temperature drop during the drought period, and drainage ditches should be dredged and deepened during the waterlogging period, soil moisture conservation and drainage should be comprehensively managed. In September, Gastrodia elata entered the physiological mature stage, and the soil moisture of the border bed would rather be dry than wet. When the soil temperature dropped to about 10 ℃ in October, Gastrodia elata entered the dormant period and could be dug. Each square meter generally harvest fresh Gastrodia elata 7 kg, hemp seed 3 kg, can expand 6 square meters cultivation area.

VI. Pest control

The prevention of Gastrodia elata disease refers to Article (6) of "one-step planting device of Gastrodia elata". The main pest is that termites eat fungus and then produce formic acid to harm Gastrodia elata.

Prevention and control methods: chlordane powder and dichlorvos pesticides were often sprinkled around the border to cut off the ant source around the border. Termites enter the border and are untreatable.