Key techniques of high-yield cultivation of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a unique and valuable village of traditional Chinese medicine in China. Due to the sharp decline in wild resources, tight goods and rising prices, the artificial planting area has been expanding in recent years, many places have taken Gastrodia elata cultivation as an industry to shake off poverty and become rich, and achieved good results, and many farmers have embarked on the road to wealth by planting Gastrodia elata. Minhuangxiang, Awang Village, Huangnihe Town, Fuyuan County, successfully introduced Gastrodia elata from Guizhou in 1996. by the end of 2002, it had led more than 400 farmers around to plant Gastrodia elata, covering an area of 25000 square meters and producing more than 200,000 kg of fresh Gastrodia elata. In several years of cultivation of Gastrodia elata to explore a set of planting experience. It is summarized as follows for the reference of Gastrodia elata growers.

First, be strict with the three passes

(1) the seeds are closed. The seed quality and growth potential are the key to the high and stable yield of Gastrodia elata. After 4 generations of asexual reproduction, the seeds degenerated, the growth potential weakened, and the yield decreased greatly, so the species of Gastrodia elata must be changed after 4 generations to ensure that the species does not decline and achieve the goal of high and stable yield. At present, the technology of sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is becoming more and more mature, and the seeds of Gastrodia elata can be produced by sexual reproduction, which can play the role of purification and rejuvenation, and ensure the high and stable yield of Gastrodia elata.

(2) Armillaria mellea. Due to the particularity of the growth of Gastrodia elata, it is determined that the whole growth process of Gastrodia elata can not be separated from Armillaria mellea in order to survive and reproduce and obtain higher yield.

First, increase the amount of wood, resulting in the advantage of Armillaria mellea growth, inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, and ensure a sufficient nutritional environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata. In the process of cultivation, it is strictly forbidden to use old bacterial sticks that are infected by miscellaneous bacteria or infected by miscellaneous bacteria and get rid of miscellaneous bacteria so as to prevent re-pollution. The wood should be filled to prevent the gap between the wood, stagnant water on rainy days and easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria. Try to choose hardwood and non-perishable broad-leaved trees to ensure the long-term growth of Armillaria mellea and provide nutrition to Gastrodia elata.

Second, reasonable supply of bacteria. The symbiosis of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea is not negative. Under artificial conditions, it can be changed from negative nutrition to scientific nutrition and reasonable supply of bacteria. From October to November in autumn, Gastrodia elata is in a dormant period. When Gastrodia elata is planted during the dormancy period, Armillaria mellea can grow when the temperature is above 5 ℃. When the temperature rises to more than 15 ℃ in spring, Armillaria mellea has gradually grown and combined with Gastrodia elata to provide nutrition. Gastrodia elata will not starve and grow well.

(3) keep the temperature and humidity off strictly. Gastrodia elata changed from wild to artificial, and the growth environment changed greatly. The general performance is that the temperature of Gastrodia elata dormancy period is too high, which shortens the Gastrodia elata dormancy period, resulting in the degradation of Gastrodia elata species. During the general dormancy period (November-February of the following year), the temperature is controlled at 2 ℃ and the humidity is about 30%. In the early growth period (March-April), the temperature is 20 ℃ and the humidity is about 40%. During the prosperous period (May-September), the temperature is controlled at 22 ℃ and the humidity is about 50%. In the early stage, greenhouse or plastic film can be used to increase the ground temperature, one is to prevent frost, the other is to increase the temperature to promote the production of Armillaria mellea. In the prosperous period of Gastrodia elata, generally do not use film cover, because the outdoor temperature can fully meet the growth needs of Gastrodia elata, if you continue to cover with greenhouse or plastic film, the temperature inside the film is more than 28 ℃, one is that Gastrodia elata stops growing, and the other is that it may cause Gastrodia elata to rot and affect its yield. If cultivated in the greenhouse, the greenhouse should be ventilated or shaded by straw mats or watered in the greenhouse when the indoor temperature exceeds 28 ℃.

Pay attention to three links

(1) rotation must be carried out in Gastrodia elata cultivation. Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea produce a large number of harmful substances in the process of growth and respiration. If Gastrodia elata continues to be planted in the same place, it will greatly reduce or even end the harvest.

(2) the planting site of Gastrodia elata should avoid smelly places. Armillaria mellea is an aerobic fungus. Gastrodia elata planted in smelly places is disadvantageous to the growth of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, and affects the yield of Gastrodia elata.

(3) when planting Gastrodia elata in the corner of the field, Rain Water's seasonal rainfall is too large, which just meets the characteristics of Armillaria mellea liking flood, which is easy to cause "nutritional reflux", resulting in "bacterial absorption of hemp" and "rotten nest" phenomenon, so special attention should be paid to rain cover and ditch drainage to create a reasonable symbiotic environment for Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. Identification of moisture methods: first, some high-stem crops, such as sunflowers, are properly planted next to Gastrodia elata, which can not only shade and cool Gastrodia elata in summer and autumn, but also detect soil moisture, that is, high-stem crops begin to wilt, indicating that the soil moisture is insufficient; another method is to pick up the surface soil, grab a handful of soil, hold it in hand, and throw it into a ball, which can be scattered in the ground, indicating that the soil moisture is more suitable.