Cultivation and management techniques for high yield of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata, also known as Red Arrow, tomorrow Ma, belongs to Orchidaceae, Gastrodia elata, Gastrodia elata, and is a perennial herbaceous parasitic plant. Due to the extensive planting and management techniques of Gastrodia elata, the phenomenon of "looking for heaven harvest" is more common, so it can not really achieve high yield and high yield. In this paper, the key points of high-yield cultivation techniques explored and tested in recent years are summarized as follows:

First, the suitable environment of Gastrodia elata

(1) altitude

Gastrodia elata is distributed in more than a dozen provinces and cities in China, and it can be planted in areas with an altitude of 300 to 1900 meters. The most suitable elevation is 600-1200 meters. In a broad sense, as long as the temperature and humidity can be controlled manually, it can be planted in the south, north, mountains or plains.

(2) temperature

Temperature has a great effect on the growth of Gastrodia elata. When the local temperature reaches 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃, it begins to sprout; when the ground temperature reaches more than 15 ℃, the growth becomes more exuberant; when the ground temperature reaches 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, it is the vigorous period of Gastrodia elata; when the ground temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the growth of Gastrodia elata almost stops, and the ground temperature in winter dormancy period should be controlled at 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃. In most parts of the country, it can be planted through manual measures.

(3) humidity

The humidity during the growing period of Gastrodia elata generally requires 50% to 80% water content of the soil. According to experience, the soil dug out for planting is "pinched into a ball by the hand, and then dispersed by the release of the hand." This water content is generally about 60%, which is suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata. If the water content is too large, it is easy to cause Gastrodia elata rot or Armillaria mellea growth to erode Gastrodia elata and form the phenomenon of reverse digestion, so the growth of Gastrodia elata "would rather be drought than waterlogging".

(4) soil

Gastrodia elata is suitable to grow in slightly acidic sandy loam rich in humus, and the PH value is between 5 and 6.5. Conditionally, we can choose black fontanelle soil in forest or river sand, yellow sand and hemp bone stone sand with large mungbean grains, followed by sandy soil, and put an end to the use of clay.

(5) topography

In the mountain area, hemp is suitable to grow on the half-shady and half-sunny slope of 5-10 degrees, and the hilly area is suitable for planting on the north slope. Through measures such as building shade sheds artificially, it can be planted no matter in the mountains or on flat land.

Second, the choice of planting sites: because Gastrodia elata grows almost without sunlight, it can be planted indoors, outdoors, basements, caves, caves, roadsides, slopes, courtyards, woods, bamboo gardens and other idle places with certain ventilation conditions. The places that are not suitable for planting Gastrodia elata are (1) clayey land (2) saline land (3) water depression (4) vegetable land (5) places with miscellaneous bacteria and high fertile land.

Third, the planting season and development law of Gastrodia elata: there are two methods of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

(1) sexual reproduction: it is propagated by hybrid seeds pollinated by Gastrodia elata. The specification of the planting hole is 50 cm long, 50 cm wide and 40 cm deep. It is sown from late April to late June every year. After a growing period of 5 to 6 months, the first generation of seed hemp (rice hemp) can be produced by turning over the nest at the end of November of that year or March of the following year. Planting properly, each hole can produce more than 1 kg of seed flax, after turning over the nest, each hole can be divided into 6 points, and then the first asexual reproduction can be carried out.

(2) asexual reproduction: it is propagated directly with the underground tubers of Gastrodia elata. It can be planted from the end of November to the end of March of the following year. After 7-8 months of growing period, it was harvested at the end of the year. Each hole of the same specification can produce more than 4 kilograms of fresh hemp. Among them, 30% to 40% of arrow hemp can be sold as commercial flax, and the rest of white hemp and rice hemp can be used as seed hemp for one or two times of asexual reproduction. After three generations, because of its seed degradation, it is not recommended to continue planting, it is necessary to replace the new generation of flax in time to ensure high yield and high yield.

Thus it can be seen that the key to the high-yield cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata can be summarized as the eight-character policy of improved varieties, excellent bacteria, cool and moist. The artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata has good economic benefits, with the characteristics of small investment, high yield, short cycle, quick effect, small land occupation, no waste of forest resources, easy management and so on. Its input and output Prida above 1:3, as long as grasping the superior bacteria of improved varieties is the foundation, planting technology is the key, and management measures are the guarantee of these three links, which create the necessary conditions for the high yield and high yield of Gastrodia elata artificial cultivation. Good economic benefits will be achieved.