Attention should be paid to the main links in High-yield cultivation of Gastrodia elata

With the implementation of the national western development strategy, the modernization industry of traditional Chinese medicine has been established accordingly. Guizhou is located in the western region, soil, climate, vegetation and other environmental conditions are suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The introduction and cultivation was tested and demonstrated in Luochang Township and Yongyi Township of Yinjiang County from 2001 to 2003. According to the situation of the experiment and the existing problems, five main links that should be paid attention to in high-yield cultivation are put forward.

First, the production requirements of Gastrodia elata. High-quality Fanjing wild "arrow hemp" was selected to sow seeds in mid-late February. The seeds were sown indoors at a distance of 25 × 25 cm in a box of sterilized river sand mud (made of bricks of 4 m long, 1 m wide and 0.2m thick). After 30 days of dormancy, stem moss grew, bud blossomed, cross-pollination was carried out according to the operation procedure from 9:00 to 5:00, and the seeds should be sown with germinating bacteria immediately after maturation. (because the endosperm of Gastrodia elata seeds does not store nutrients) sow 10 capsules according to 0.5 kg of germinating bacteria.

Second, the choice of production zone. Choose a slightly acidic soil zone between 850 and 1800 meters above sea level.

Third, the production technology of fungus material. Blow 50-60 cm with broad-leaved trees or corncobs from late August to mid-September, blow fish phosphorus mouth every 3-5 cm, deep to wood, cut down two rows, and after 2 days, the bottom of the control box (60 cm deep, 100 cm wide, 200 cm long) is dug loose and covered with about 5 cm sandy soil (to make it loose, breathable and watery) and then smooth the wood (fish scale up or side) to buy and sow high-quality Armillaria mellea at the mouth of the fish scale. Fill the gap with humus soil, cover 2-3 cm fine humus soil, cover the second layer, third layer, upper layer and cover 10 cm humus soil, then cover wood grass or leaves for heat preservation, and make drainage ditches and ridges.

IV. Specific cultivation points of Gastrodia elata

1. Planting at the right time. It is one of the keys to increase yield, and it is suitable to plant in the dormant period (November, February of the following year), and the yield is the highest. Note: it can not be planted below ⑴ 0 ℃. ⑵ can accurately grasp the dormancy period of Gastrodia elata and the best growth period of Armillaria mellea, so that Gastrodia elata can get the nutrition of Armillaria mellea after waking up.

2. The selection and consumption of hemp seed. Must choose sexual Gastrodia elata seed and fresh, disease and insect pest-free, non-invasive zero-generation or 1-2 generation high-quality white hemp, rice hemp as seed, the seed amount needs about 500 grams of large white hemp per square meter, (or 300 grams of small white hemp, or about 200 grams of rice hemp).

3. The amount of fungus. Use 20-30 kg per square meter (single layer).

4. Soil preparation and box cultivation. Flat high box, sloping low box, specification 1000 × 1000 × 20 cm, after construction, covered with 3 cm thick sandy loam, and then put the cultured bacterial sticks and wood at 1:1, 5-18 cm parallel. (note: Rice hemp 15-18 cm, medium rice hemp 10-15 cm, rice hemp 5-8 cm) will be humic broad-leaf branches, fill semi-trench filling material Then put the flax seed on the stick (which is beneficial for Gastrodia elata to connect Armillaria mellea in time) in the same direction (the growth space of Gastrodia elata always extends forward in the shape of a fan) and place it with filler humus, covering 10-15 cm, covering litter or grass, and then tidying up the edge ditch.

Note: ⑴ can not be disinfected with lime, increase soil alkalinity and inhibit the growth of Armillaria mellea. ⑵ cultivation site can not be continuous cropping, should rotate the cultivation site (the secretion of annular bacteria will resist the growth of Gastrodia elata, too many miscellaneous bacteria will cause Gastrodia elata to deteriorate). ⑶ can not apply any hormones (chemical fertilizers, sugars) and other pesticides, insect hazards can be mechanically captured, which is conducive to the requirements of the development of modern traditional Chinese medicine.

Fifth, harvesting and processing. Gastrodia elata has high efficacy in the dormant period. Sexual reproduction should be harvested at the end of October of the following year and should be handled gently to avoid planting rot after the stem block of Gastrodia elata was bruised. The seeds and commercial flax are packed separately. Rice hemp and white hemp can be sown immediately or stored in late February of the following spring, and arrow hemp should be processed by grades. The size is the same during processing. Rinse with clean water and dry in a drying chamber of 70-80 ℃. It must not be steamed fresh with sulfur, which affects the content and quality of gastrodin.