Artificial cultivation and processing of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a parasitic herb, its underground tuber is an important medicinal material, domestic and foreign markets are in great demand. In the past, Gastrodia elata was produced by asexual propagation. Because Tianma planting less, easy to degenerate, so yield, quality can not meet the needs. The use of artificial sexual reproduction method can be produced in large quantities, and the quality is also good. Although gastrodia elata is herbaceous plant, but its whole body does not have chlorophyll, want parasitism to obtain nutrient on close annulus bacterium. However, pythium is a fungus that also parasitizes the base of some tree trunks and grows on decomposed sap. Therefore, to artificially reproduce gastrodia elata, we must coordinate the relationship between these three.

1. The cultivation of closed-ring fungi should adopt wild closed-ring fungi as far as possible. Close-ring fungi generally grow in the forest edge and stream lying on the semi-rotten trunk, stump and relatively moist and organic matter more soil, can be artificially collected back inoculation cultivation. The terminal of young hyphae was brownish red and could be used as inoculation material. The smooth, robust and dark red surface of the toxin is a strong age toxin, germination is strong, is a good material for inoculation. The black-brown surface is geritin, which can also be inoculated. If the surface is pure black, it is completely aged and cannot be inoculated. Because the new mycelium grows from the toxin incision, the collected toxin should be cut into pieces, each section should not be too long, 2~5 mm is better. In order to ensure the activity of hyphae, it must be operated in a shady and clean place and avoid infection with miscellaneous bacteria. Then, grow hyphae on tree segments. The tree segments should be selected to be more suitable for the propagation of dense ring fungi.

Second, the cultivation of gastrodia elata seeds can be done by collecting young wild gastrodia elata seedlings, cultivated in dense ring fungi to flowering, artificial auxiliary pollination. The purpose of this artificial sexual reproduction is to improve the fruit setting rate of Gastrodia elata. The seeds are harvested in July and August and can be sown in small cellars. Small cellar to 60~70 cm wide, about 100 cm long, 28~35 cm deep is appropriate, cellar and cellar between the earth ridge, in order to facilitate the tuber of gastrodia elata to grow around. The optimum temperature for the propagation and growth of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria pygmaea is 20~25℃, and the optimum humidity is about 80%.

Third, Tianma seed sowing light will dig loose on the bottom of the cellar, spread into a layer of humus soil, and then put the fungus block with dense ring fungus, fill in the blank with some broadleaf leaves. If all tree segments are used to cultivate dense ring mycelium, fine wild fungi should be sprinkled on the peeled parts of the tree segments. The seeds are then planted on the fungus (or wood) at a distance of 6 to 8 cm, covered with a layer of leaves, sawdust or fine fibrous roots of herbs, and finally covered with the upper layer. The humidity of the cellar should be kept at 45~60% all the year round. After 2~3 years, it can be mined, most of which can be used for processing gastrodia elata medicinal materials, and the rest can be used as seed gastrodia elata to continue to expand production.

4. The harvesting and processing of Gastrodia elata stops growing at 10 ° C and enters the dormant period. When the ground temperature rises to more than 10 ° C, it resumes growth. During this period, the quality of Gastrodia elata collected is the best, called winter hemp. Therefore, it is best to dig and process during this period. If you wait until the stem is unearthed, the quality will gradually decline. When processing gastrodia elata, wash the outer skin with water first, rub it with straw, scrape off the scaly thick skin, and cut off the stems if there are stems. According to the proportion of adding 200g alum to every 10kg gastrodia elata, put it into boiling water and boil it for 10~20 minutes. Or separate the large and small gastrodia elata (so as not to be unevenly cooked), steam it thoroughly in a steamer, boil it or steam it to the hand to knead it will be soft. When you see it translucent and no solid in the light, you can take it out and flatten it with a wooden board. It can be dried in the sun during the day, and dried on a kang or coal stove at night. It can also be dried in an iron pan with a layer of paper. Gastrodia elata baking generally with charcoal fire, avoid using firewood to avoid blackening, fire should not be too large too fierce, so as not to quickly dry the tuber surface and become dry inside wet. For large-scale baking, a rectangular kang stove with a height of one meter can be built, an iron pan is discharged in the stove, charcoal fire is placed in the iron pan, charcoal ash is used to cover the charcoal fire, then a long bamboo mat is placed on the kang stove, a sack is laid on the bamboo mat, gastrodia elata is placed, and then a layer of sack is covered. Attention should be paid to frequent stirring to make it uniform drying degree. Bake to half dry can be taken out, wait gastrodia tuber moisture, internal moisture penetration, and then bake, to repeat three times to achieve full dry. If some 70~80% mastic and 20~30% sulfur are added to the charcoal, and the sulfur mud balls kneaded into coal balls are smoked and baked, the color of Gastrodia elata can be made white, and it can prevent insects. After processing, gastrodia elata should be wrapped in white paper, sealed in a non-toxic plastic bag, or packed in a porcelain jar with a layer of clean thick paper, stored in a dry place, moisture-proof and moth proof.