Companion planting technique of Gastrodia elata in four ponds

The four-pond companion planting method of sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is to plant Gastrodia elata seeds, germinating bacteria, Armillaria mellea and fungus together, which is called the four-bottom pool companion planting method. This co-planting method not only saves labor and time, increases the yield of Gastrodia elata, but also saves wood, and can obtain double benefits, which is worth popularizing.

I. selection, retention and storage of seed flax

Select the arrow sprouts with full, fresh, scar-free, pest-free and weight of about 200 grams, which are spread out and dried with water on the skin, and then stored for spring planting. It can be stored indoors or outdoors, and the key is to prevent frost injury and decay. The water content of medium-grained river sand used in burying arrow hemp is 20%. It would rather be dry than wet to prevent hemp seed from rotting. Places with good drainage, loose soil and leeward to the sun should be selected for outdoor storage. Indoor storage must be well ventilated. The size of the burying place can be determined according to the amount of storage. Generally, it is appropriate to use a strip cellar 35 cm deep outside, and wooden boxes can be used to store sand indoors. During storage, the bottom of the box is first covered with a layer of coarse sand or cinder mixture with a thickness of 10 cm, and then a layer of medium-grained sand is laid on the top. One arrow hemp is placed on the sand layer with a spacing of 2 cm, and the first layer is covered with sand 5 cm behind, and then the second layer is placed. In this way, 2-3 layers can be placed, and then the fine sand is covered with 10 cm fine sand. The surface is covered with rice, wheat straw and other crop straw to protect against cold and warmth, and regularly detect the water content of the covering material to adjust the humidity. To ensure the quality of hemp seed.

Second, the cultivation of arrow hemp.

The breeding of arrow hemp cultivated in greenhouse or arch shed can mature more than one month ahead of time, which is beneficial to early sowing (June) and shorten the period of flax formation. The construction of greenhouse and arch shed can imitate the construction method of vegetable greenhouse, and the size can be determined according to the cultivation scale. if a small amount of cultivation is carried out in each household, it can be planted in a box in the natural season and then cultivated in the greenhouse or arch shed. However, if we do not use any method of cultivation, we should choose a place with high terrain and good ventilation from the leeward to the sun.

Such as the arrow hemp box planting method, you can first spread 10 cm thick coarse sand or cinder mixture (also known as culture material or culture medium) at the bottom of the box, and then plant arrow hemp in the shape of "product" on the sand layer, with an interval of 10 cm. Do not touch the hemp and arrow buds during operation, otherwise it is very easy to cause seed hemp to rot. After planting, the surface is covered with 8 cm thick fine sand and put into greenhouse or arch shed to manage breeding.

Third, the management of arrow hemp after cultivation.

1. Sunshade Gastrodia elata scape most avoid direct sunlight, direct light will lead to scape blackening, resulting in lodging. The best way to shade is to pull a black shading net with a shading rate of 60% under the plastic film in the shed, and a small amount of breeding can use other materials to create a light effect of quarter light and six percent shade.

two。 Moisturizing Gastrodia elata bolting, flowering and capsule formation is from May to June, and the water loss of the culture medium is relatively large, so it is appropriate to replenish the culture material in time to keep the substrate moist without water stains.

3. The probability of fruiting the apical inflorescence of Gastrodia elata is low, so the top "inflorescence tip" should be removed after budding, which can not only reduce the loss of nutrients, but also make the whole capsule full and ensure the seed quality.

4. Anti-lodging Gastrodia elata scape hollow, generally 200 grams of arrow hemp, scape height of about 1 meter, if the wind blows or the ear is overweight, it is very easy to break, so the stalk solid scape is very important.

IV. Artificial pollination

Due to the special structure of Gastrodia elata, the anther (that is, pollen) is covered by the drug cap, the anther cap will not fall off by itself, and the anther will not be distributed by itself, especially in greenhouse or arch shed cultivation and breeding, there are few insect transmission activities, so artificial pollination must be carried out. When Gastrodia elata carries out artificial pollination, in order to ensure the success rate of pollination, the principle of one flower should be followed, and the best pollination time is from 10:00 to 2 p.m. During pollination, gently pinch the ovary in one hand and press the lip with a bamboo stick in the other, then pick out the anther block and place it accurately on the smooth stigma. Same flower, same plant or different flower, different plant pollination can be done. Cross-pollination has strong heterosis and high yield. As long as artificial pollination is operated according to the rules, the success rate of pollination is generally more than 90%.

When the seed of Gastrodia elata is matured from bottom to top, gently pinched by hand, the seed is soft and the seed coat longitudinal crack line is about to crack, it shows that several capsules in the upper part of Gastrodia elata are also mature and should be harvested and set aside in time. The harvested seeds should be sowed as soon as they are harvested, and should be finished 3-4 days before the longitudinal crack line breaks at the latest. If you can't finish sowing for a while, it's best to store it in a refrigerator about 4 ℃, and it's forbidden to expose the capsule. The seeds in the mature capsule are soft and easy to disperse, and the color is light grayish yellow, which is the best sowing time before the fruit is cracked. The early seeds are white, and the immature seeds will not spread; too late seeds are brown and have lost their germination rate. If the seeds are first sown in germinating bacteria and packed in plastic bags, the sowing time can be prolonged.

Fifth, preparation before sowing

Prepare 30 kg fresh tussah (hemp chestnut) sticks with a diameter of 3 cm to 10 cm and a length of 60 cm per square meter, soak them in 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution for 6 hours, and cut fish scales on the sticks at intervals of 3 cm to 7 cm for a total of 3 sides. 400 kilograms of clean and pollution-free medium-and coarse-grained river sand is required per square meter. It is better to wash the river sand with clean water 6 hours before use. Use 1 kg of fallen leaves of oak tree per square meter, soak in water for 4 hours before use, drain excess water and set aside; use 3 kg of oak branches with a diameter of 1.5 cm and length of 6 cm per square meter. in addition, each square meter needs 4 bottles of high-quality Armillaria mellea, two bottles of germinating bacteria (or two bags) and 16 capsules of Gastrodia elata.

One of the key tasks before sowing is to fully stir the germinating bacteria and Gastrodia elata seeds. During the operation, cut the germinating bacteria into small pieces 1.5 cm square with a sharp knife, then put them into a clean basin, gently pinch the capsule with your hands to split the longitudinal crack line, and shake off the Gastrodia elata seeds in the basin to germinate bacteria.