Occurrence and control of yellow mushroom disease of Pleurotus ostreatus

In recent years, the planting area of Pleurotus ostreatus has been increasing, but due to poor management and poor disease prevention concept, the incidence of yellow mushroom disease is increasing year by year. Some mushrooms shed after a tide of mushrooms, do not produce mushrooms for a long time; some come out of small mushrooms before growing up yellow, and then atrophy death, resulting in a decline in the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus, the yield is difficult to improve. For this reason, the author studied the etiology and comprehensive control techniques of the disease, which are reported as follows:

1. Symptoms. Yellow mushroom disease occurs mostly from the young mushroom lid or the connection between the young mushroom stalk and the mushroom lid. After the disease, the young mushroom lid or the concave part of the young mushroom lid appears yellowish plaques, the young mushroom body is sticky, stops growing and dies, and the young mushroom body grows slowly and loses elasticity. The mushroom body will break at the slightest touch, and then the mushroom body will stick and atrophy, emitting the rotten smell, and the disease will spread rapidly, which will cause the cultivated material to become sticky and stop producing mushrooms.

two。 The cause of disease. The pathogen of Pleurotus ostreatus disease is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ① is suitable for the occurrence and growth of the bacteria in the humid environment, rich in organic matter, and in the environment of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. The environment of the old cultivation site of ② deteriorated and the disinfection was not thorough. Abandoned culture materials in ③ shed, residual mushrooms and mushroom stalks are everywhere, dirty and messy so that the bacteria have a place to inhabit and reproduce. ④ at present, the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly based on raw material or fermented material, which carries bacteria and causes the occurrence of the disease. Bacteria are carried in water or soil-covered materials used by ⑤. Poor disease resistance or poor quality of ⑥ strains and poor management of cultivars lead to fine mycelium and decreased resistance, which eventually lead to infection and disease.

3. Precautions. ① selects strains that adapt to the local environment and have strong disease resistance, such as Heipingwang, Huipingkang No. 2, P89 and so on, which are generally not easy or mild. The same strain should not be planted in the same site year after year, and the variety should be changed every 2 ~ 3 years. ② should be free of miscellaneous bacteria pollution. The mycelium is thick white, stout and suitable for age. ③ selects high-quality raw and auxiliary materials that are mildew-free, insect-free and pollution-free. The cultivation materials should be exposed to the sun before use, and fungicides such as carbendazim or carbendazim with 0.1% dry material weight should be added. The old ④ site should not be used year after year. If used, sterilization and insecticidal treatment should be carried out one month before the cultivation bag is put into the shed. Carbendazim, bleach, agricultural streptomycin and Wanxiaoling can be used to kill bacteria, dichlorvos and cypermethrin 1000 times, spraying the floor, wall and outside environment of the shed, once a week. Two or three days before the cultivation bag was put into the shed, it was fumigated with sulfur for 24 hours. ⑤ strengthens the management of the growth period of cultivated bags and improves the disease-resistant and impurity-resistant ability of hyphae. During the mushroom emergence period, the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled well. too high temperature is disadvantageous to the growth of general wide temperature or low temperature strains, but provides a suitable temperature environment for all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria and bacteria; the high humidity in the greenhouse is beneficial to the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. At the same time, it is also suitable for the growth of all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria. The ⑥ mushroom shed should be built in a place with good ventilation and convenient drainage, and the ventilation in the shed should be smooth, the ventilation outlet should be set up with flowing air passing through every material surface, there should be no ventilation dead corner, and the ventilation time should be adjusted in time according to air temperature, weather, wind speed and other factors. When ⑦ is cultivated with soil mulching, the materials covered with soil should be sterilized and insecticidal. ⑧ should do a good job of environmental hygiene in the shed, remove the residual mushrooms in time after picking mushrooms, keep the ground clean, and sprinkle lime powder regularly for environmental disinfection.

4. Post-morbidity treatment. Once the disease occurs in ①, the diseased mushroom should be removed immediately, the material surface should be cleaned, water spraying should be stopped and ventilation should be increased. ② sprayed the aisle, wall and outside of the shed with 1% bleach once, and sprayed the material surface with carbendazim plus agricultural streptomycin according to 1 ∶ 500x diluent, once or twice a day for 4 days to control the spread of the disease. Other drugs such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Wanxiaoling, Huangbanxiao, germicidal, germicidal and other drugs can be used alternately according to the standard dosage.