Disease control of Pleurotus ostreatus

In the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus; diseases and insect pests stand in the way. Understanding and timely prevention and control are of great significance to normal production.

Diseases and insect pests are found; if no timely measures are taken, the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus will be seriously affected, sometimes resulting in no harvest. Therefore, we should select excellent and highly resistant bacteria, strengthen scientific management, and create environmental conditions conducive to mushroom growth but not conducive to the reproduction of diseases and insect pests. Some common pest control methods are introduced below:

1. Disease

There are two common types of diseases:

The main results are as follows: (1) in the process of cultivation, the environmental conditions and management methods are inappropriate, causing abnormal physiological activities. We call it a physiological disease.

Air length of hyphae: dense aerial hyphae on the surface of hyphae, affecting mushroom production. The reason for the formation of mycelium wind length is mainly caused by high air humidity and poor ventilation. Preventive measures, strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity.

Bigfoot mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus: the fruiting body cap is very small and the stalk is thick and long. This is mainly caused by hypoxia and poor ventilation. As long as strengthening ventilation, pay attention to the light can be prevented.

Pleurotus ostreatus withered: the growth of mushroom buds or fruiting bodies stagnated, gradually shrank, dried, withered, and rotted. The main reason is lack of moisture and excessive ventilation. Preventive measures, increase the relative humidity of the air, do not dry the material surface, and do not let the wind blow the mushroom buds or fruit bodies directly when ventilated.

Pleurotus ostreatus damage: after spraying the fruiting body (dichlorvos), the cap stops growing, and the edge forms a black edge and rolls. The use of some harmful pesticides should be prohibited.

Black spot: rust-brown spots appear on the cap and stalk of Pleurotus ostreatus. The cause is mainly caused by poor ventilation and excessive humidity. Preventive measures, strengthen ventilation and reduce humidity.

(2) the fruiting body is contaminated by other miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in disease or death. We call it an impregnation disease.

The common disease of Pleurotus ostreatus is dry bubble disease (brown spot), which mainly harms its normal growth. The symptoms are white villous hyphae on the surface of the fruiting body, brown spots, atrophy and dry cracking of the cap.

Prevention and treatment: lower the temperature and strengthen ventilation. The ward was sprayed with 2% formaldehyde solution or 1 poison 500 times carbendazim.

2. Miscellaneous bacteria

There are many kinds of bacteria harmful to dried mushrooms, mainly as follows:

(1) Penicillium and Trichoderma: Penicillium is white at the beginning, and then becomes light green. Trichoderma was green at the beginning, and then it gradually deepened. High humidity, poor ventilation and acidic environment are easy to occur.

Prevention and treatment: the contaminated parts can be dug up and sprinkled with carbendazim powder or quicklime. If the material is contaminated, it should be burned or buried deeply.

(2) Alternaria: at the temperature of 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, the spores germinated in 6 hours, formed a large number of cotton-like hyphae, and produced a large number of pink conidia after 48 hours.

When preparing the culture material, mix it with 500-fold carbendazim or carbendazim, which can be avoided. If it happens, destroy it as soon as possible or bury it deeply.

(3) Gypsum mold: often occurs on the surface of the culture material, producing powdery and dense white hyphae.

Prevention and treatment: increase the content of phosphate fertilizer and spray 1:7 acetic acid solution.

(4) Aspergillus flavus: the hyphae are white at first, and then a large number of yellow spores are produced. Under the condition of high temperature (more than 27 ℃) and dry moisture of the culture material, it occurred seriously.

The control method is to lower the temperature and control it at less than 25 ℃. When preparing the culture material, the moisture is suitable.

3. Insect pests

(1) maggots: mainly harmful to mycelium or fruiting body. The larvae of fungus flies, mosquitoes and so on are white or yellow small maggots without feet, which will eat the fruit body. Control methods: remove the aging mycelium; make use of the phototaxis of adults, set up insecticidal lamps for trapping, or spray high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides, such as trichlorfon 1000 times liquid spray, can kill larvae and eggs.

(2) fungal mites: some small insects of the order Araneae and Acariformes, small, yellowish-white, yellowish brown when piled, like dust or rice bran, strong fecundity and rapid action, will eat hyphae and cap, causing mushroom buds to wither.

Prevention and treatment: the raw materials are fully dried, the surrounding environment is sprayed with dichlorvos, and then sprayed with 4% diclofenac emulsion 800 times.

(3) jumpers: adults have flexible tails, bounce like fleas, and bite fruit bodies. Prevention and control method: spray 0.1% of ivy essence.

There are also some pests, such as ancient slugs, ants, cockroaches, mole crickets, etc., which can be sprinkled with quicklime on the ground during prevention and control.

4. Treatment of old mushroom house

Continuous cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus indoors or in tunnels often causes serious harm to diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in failure. The formation of the first cultivation yield is high, the second and third serious pollution, or even no harvest. The reason is that harmful metabolites are produced during the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus without disinfection after each cultivation, which accumulates on the bed frame and hole wall. Mycelium aging, dark indoor or fortifications, dampness, poor ventilation and other reasons caused miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests.

Prevention and control measures: pay attention to environmental hygiene, wash the walls with 5%-6% alkaline water, spray quicklime on the ground, or spray calcareous acid to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria. In addition, insecticides are sprayed to eliminate poisonous insects. Closed fumigation and disinfection with formaldehyde, sulfur and other drugs.

5. Measures to prevent allergy to spores of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus should be harvested in time after maturing, and then harvested after the spores are released, which will affect the formation of the next crop of mushrooms and do serious harm to the health of the staff.

Pleurotus ostreatus spores can have allergic reactions to most people, resulting in cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, low fever and other symptoms.

Prevention measures: timely harvest, after maturity, timely harvest before the spores are released; before the staff enter the mushroom room, spray atomized water to make the spores sink to the ground with water droplets and reduce the content of spores in the air.

In addition, according to the relevant data, when the bacterial cap is 2cm to 3cm, spray sodium glutamate nutrient solution to topdressing. The formula is: water 100 jin, sugar 1 jin, sodium glutamate (monosodium glutamate can also) 0.1 jin, vitamin Bll00 tablets. Spray once a day. It can increase the yield and delay the release time of spores.

If you have serious allergies, you should leave your original job for four months.