Causes and Control measures of Pleurotus ostreatus

Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus often appears the phenomenon of no mushroom or abnormal mushroom after cultivation, which leads to the failure of production and reduces the production efficiency. For this reason, after years of production and research, we have summed up the causes and solutions of non-mushroom or abnormal mushroom production.

The fruiting body of sterile Pleurotus ostreatus is formed by binuclear mycelium. If the strains used in production are unpaired mononucleospores or their growing hyphae, they will not produce mushrooms or have a low yield. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good test of mushroom production before production to avoid abnormal mushroom production and cause economic losses.

Second, the strains are not pure, mixed with other mushroom species or different temperature types, and it is difficult to produce mushrooms if they do not adapt to the cultivation environment. Excellent strains must be used in production to ensure the purity of strains and prevent the mixed strains from affecting the cultivation efficiency.

Third, the cultivation season and the temperature type of the variety are not suitable for Pleurotus ostreatus varieties can be divided into high, medium, low temperature type and wide temperature type. The varieties of medium and low temperature types can no longer differentiate fruit bodies when the temperature rises above 25 ℃ in spring. Planting high-temperature varieties in low-temperature seasons will also delay mushroom production. The temperature type of the variety should be carefully selected in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the temperature test of the variety should be carried out before cultivation.

Fourth, the improper formula of cultivation materials is to obtain nutrients through mycelium decomposition and cultivation materials. Appropriate C / N ratio should be used in cultivation materials. 20 ∶ 1 is suitable for the mycelial growth stage and 40 ∶ 1 for the fruiting body development stage. When the concentration of nitrogen source is too high and the C / N ratio is too low, the normal emergence of mushroom will be affected. When the water content in the cultivation material is less than 40%, it will also cause the phenomenon of no mushroom or abnormal mushroom after turning tide. In the production, the cultivation materials should be prepared reasonably to create suitable nutritional conditions for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus.

Fifth, poor light, ventilation, bad bacteria, difficult to produce mushrooms or abnormal Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium growth does not need light, but needs a certain amount of scattered light during primordium differentiation. The mycelium can withstand low oxygen pressure in the growth stage and can grow under semi-aerated conditions. In the fruiting body development stage, the demand for oxygen increases sharply, which should be cultivated under the condition of good ventilation, the content of carbon dioxide in the air should not be higher than 0.5%, and the fruiting body cannot be formed during hypoxia, even if it is formed. sometimes there are many tumor-like protrusions on the cap. Therefore, in the production, a certain amount of scattered light is given during the period of primordium differentiation, and proper ventilation is given to increase the amount of oxygen. If the mycelium of the cultivated material surface grows into an old mycelium skin and does not produce mushrooms for a long time, it indicates that the material surface is hardened, and should be scratched shallowly with a small iron rake as soon as possible, and the depth should not exceed 0.5 cm, which can promote the mycelium to kink and produce mushrooms as soon as possible.

6. Improper temperature difference stimulation can not produce mushroom. The formation of Pleurotus ostreatus buds needs 8-10 ℃ temperature difference stimulation. In production, because the ambient temperature does not adapt, and the temperature difference between day and night is too small or too large, it will be difficult to bud. Postpone or not produce mushrooms. The temperature difference should be controlled in production to stimulate mushroom production.

7. during the mycelial growth period, miscellaneous bacteria can cover Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium because of its strong vitality, but it is not removed. It competes with hyphae for nutrients and secretes harmful substances to inhibit the normal growth of Pleurotus ostreatus hyphae and affect the differentiation of fruiting bodies. After the pests invade the cultivation material, they bite the mycelium, the mycelium breaks and loses water and dies, which destroys the normal physiological metabolism and material transformation of the mycelium, resulting in no mushroom. When using fungicides and insecticides (such as carbendazim, dichlorvos, etc.), when the concentration is too high or excessive, it will also affect the differentiation of fruiting bodies. In the production, the cultivation materials contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria should be observed frequently and treated in time. When using pesticides, we must pay attention to the concentration, method and period of use.

As long as the production of Pleurotus ostreatus is based on the cultivation season and market demand, the suitable varieties are selected, the cultivation materials are reasonably prepared, and the environmental conditions are carefully managed according to the requirements of each stage, so as to avoid the occurrence of non-mushroom or abnormal mushroom production factors. High and stable yield will be obtained and production efficiency will be increased.