Very late ripening Peach strain-- Dongxuewang and its cultivation points

Dongxuewang (tentatively named) is a new strain bred by Yimin Fruit Tree Research Institute of Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, using Dongxue peach as female parent and Chinese Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling as male parent. Cross in 1998, raising seedlings in 1999, high grafting in 2000, results in 2001, multi-site experiment in 2004. The characteristics and cultivation points of the strain are introduced as follows.

1 feature characteristic

1.1 Botanical characteristics Dongxuewang peach tree is more open, one-year-old mature branches are reddish brown, main branches and perennial branches are gray and white. Leaves dark green, leaves large, long 13.82cm, leaf width 3.16cm, louver weight 56.29, louver thickness 3.13cm, petiole long 1.8cm, nectaries reniform, very small. The petals are pink, half-open and have a large amount of pollen.

1.2 Fruit Economic characters the fruit of Dongxuewang peach is round, 6.6cm in longitudinal diameter, 6.9cm in transverse diameter and correct in shape. The fruit is large, the average single fruit weight is 215.6g, and the maximum fruit weight is 400g. The background is yellow and green, and the surface is flaky bright rose. The top of the fruit is flat and the fruit tip is slightly convex, similar to Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling of China. The fruit surface is smooth and fluffy, the stem depression is shallow, and there is no fruit. The skin is thick and smooth. The flesh is milky white, pink near the core, milky white near the skin; the meat is hard and crisp, the content of soluble solids is 18.1%, the flavor is sweet, and the quality is excellent; the kernel is small, the kernel weight is 6.5g, and the edible rate of the fruit is 97%. Sticky to semi-enucleated, fruit firmness, storage resistance, room temperature storage to New Year's Day, cold storage can be stored until the Spring Festival.

1.3 the growth and fruiting habits of Dongxuewang peach young trees are vigorous, upright, stop growing late, the annual growth is large, after fruiting, the tree is moderate and the crown opens. In the same year, the branches grew vigorously and had the habit of growing many times. The survey trees are mainly medium-long fruit-bearing branches, and when the tree potential is relaxed, medium-and short-fruit-bearing branches bear fruit. White flowers have strong pollination ability, so there is no need to configure pollination trees. The yield of early fruit is strong, and the fruit yield of 667m2 in high-yield garden is more than 4000kg.

The fruit development is obviously divided into three periods: from Xie anthesis to the first ten days of June, the fruit grows rapidly, and the vertical diameter develops more than the transverse diameter; in the middle of June, the fruit enters the slow growth period, the fruit increases slightly, the color is dark green, and the fruit is fluffy; it was not until the middle of September that the fruit entered the period of rapid expansion, the fruit expanded rapidly, the hairs decreased, the fruit began to color, and the sugar content increased, which showed the characteristics of this variety. The harvest period entered in late October.

1.4 in the general year of phenology, buds germinate in the middle of March, blossom in early April, and the flowering period is about 10 days. The fruit development period is about 200 days, and it is ripe and harvested in late October. The growing period of new shoots is from early April to early September, and it has the habit of growing many times. The leaves had strong cold resistance and did not begin to fall until the temperature dropped below 0 ℃ in the middle and last ten days of November.

1.5 adaptability and stress resistance this strain has strong adaptability and has the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, few insects, strong disease resistance and so on. Where there is no watering condition in the mountains and hills, the growth and fruit is normal. The ability of cold resistance is very strong, in general years, the leaves of other peach varieties begin to fall after one month, and there is no frost injury in winter in Qingzhou. In the season of frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests from June to August, this peach is in the slow growth period, the fruit is small and hairy, and fruit-eating pests rarely lay eggs on Dongxuewang peach, so the fruit rate is very low. Under normal management conditions, the fruit rate is about 1%, which is only 1% of that of other varieties. There are also fewer diseases.

2 main points of cultivation

2.1.The winter snow king peach is light-loving, drought-tolerant and barren-tolerant, and can be built on hills with a soil layer of 20-30cm thick. Groups can also be built on plain and beach sandy loam land with groundwater level below 1m, good drainage, no stagnant water in rainy season, no waterlogging and good ventilation. Generally, it is planted before germination in spring, and the self-pollination rate is high, so there is no need to configure pollination trees. The suitable row spacing is 3m × 4m or 3m × 4.5m in hilly land and 3m × 5m or 4m × 5m in flat land.

2.2 Fertilizer and water management is particularly important for topdressing 3 times before germination, after fruit setting and during the period of rapid fruit expansion, especially in the middle of September (that is, fruit rapid expansion period). Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied in the later stage, and 0.5-1kg is suitable for general plants. After the first ten days of May, combined with spraying every 10-15 days, 0.3% Mel 0.5% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves, and 200 times photosynthetic micro-fertilizer was also sprayed. In the whole year, the combined topdressing was irrigated for 3-4 times before germination, after fruit setting, during the expansion period and frozen water. Drainage and waterlogging prevention should be carried out in time in the rainy season.

2.3 shaping and pruning winter snow king peach should adopt the natural happy shape, the trunk is generally about 50cm, and the base angle of the main branch is 45-55 °. Winter pruning should be light rather than heavy in 1-3 years after planting, so as to increase the number of branches as soon as possible and bear fruit ahead of time. The long and middle fruit branches were cultured into small fruiting branches or several single fruiting branches on the main branches every year. The fruiting branch group should be small rather than large on the back of the main branch, large and medium fruiting branch groups can be left on both sides and under the back, and pay attention to the timely renewal of the fruiting branch group. Summer pruning should be carried out 2-3 times a year to remove long branches, cut short vegetative branches and speed up branch group culture.

2.4 before the lame insect Jian controls germination, the branches are sprayed with 5 Bomedo stone and sulfur bauhinia to control a variety of diseases and insect pests. In the growing season, 1500 times of aphid lice was sprayed to control aphids; about 20 days after flowering, 2000 times of nisolang or 3000 times of mites were sprayed to control leaf mites; in mid-June, mid-July and mid-August, 2000 times were sprayed to control leaf moths. Spraying 2000 times of Taoxiaoling in late May and late June to control peach borer and peach heart borer. Starting from late April, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution and 50% mancozeb solution were sprayed alternately once a semimonthly to prevent and cure gum disease and bacterial perforation.