Techniques of seed selection and purification and rejuvenation of garlic

Because garlic is asexual reproduction, garlic cloves are abnormal lateral buds, which are components of garlic mother, long-term asexual reproduction will inevitably lead to the accumulation of viruses in the body and other undesirable traits, resulting in garlic species degeneration. Degenerated garlic plants are short, photosynthetic capacity is low, garlic head becomes smaller, quality decreases, seriously affecting garlic yield and benefit. Several key techniques for garlic seed selection and purification and rejuvenation are described as follows:

I. Establishment of garlic cultivation in different places

The establishment of garlic farming with certain regional differences and cultivation differences can avoid garlic degradation, improve garlic species, and have certain advantages of growth in different places. Such as mountain and plain exchange, dry area and rice area exchange, vegetable garden and grain area exchange, in a certain range of different directions of exchange, such as south and north, east and west, these can improve garlic and seed yield to varying degrees.

Second, select garlic with the characteristics of the variety, disease-free and insect-free garlic seeds

The garlic seeds were removed from the garlic harvest period to the seed field, and the selection criteria were plants with morphological characteristics of the variety, leaves without disease spots, garlic head hypertrophy, consistent color, moderate garlic cloves, no insect source, no disease and no poison. After selection, tie them into small bundles and collect them separately. Pay attention to the drying of garlic bulbs. Store them under cool and ventilated conditions. High temperature and humidity will reduce the viability of garlic petals and even cause rotten seeds.

3. Seed with aerial bulbs

In order to improve the seed quality and vigor of garlic, the aerial bulbs of garlic can be used for propagation. The method comprises the following steps of: after bolting at the later stage of garlic growth, not harvesting garlic sprouts, delaying the harvest period of garlic bulbs for 15 - 20 days, harvesting garlic sprouts when the garlic sprouts turn yellow and the aerial bulbs mature, and selecting the garlic sprouts with the diameter larger than 0.4cm for storage after summer. In the first and middle of September, the seedlings are drilled or broadcast in furrows on the flat bed, and the number of seedlings per 667 square meters is 120 - 150 thousand. Then, the soil is covered with about 2 cm, and the water is watered after suppression. Later management is the same as garlic sown with garlic cloves. When the aerial bulbs are sown, the first garlic is usually the oldest, and the garlic can grow into normal garlic in autumn. The garlic obviously increases in size and has good quality and strong growth potential. Breeding garlic seeds by this method is the main method to improve garlic species and prevent garlic degradation. This method is not suitable for some varieties, such as garlic without bolts or garlic with thin bolts and no bulbs.

IV. Breeding of virus-free seedlings and introduction of virus-free garlic seeds

In recent years, scientific research departments have adopted virus-free measures to keep garlic seeds, and virus-free garlic seeds have obvious yield increase effect. However, it must be original seed or improved seed, more than 3 generations, the yield increase effect is not obvious, the virus-free garlic harvest can not be too late, otherwise it is easy to cause scattered petals, affecting the commercial value of garlic.

5. Garlic that has experienced secondary growth of garlic cannot be left

Because of cultivation and climate conditions caused by garlic secondary growth, namely "horsetail garlic" field can not be selected for seed. Garlic secondary growth itself is a kind of degradation, affecting garlic yield and quality, such as re-selection and retention of seeds for one season, resulting in secondary growth and serious yield reduction.