Problems and Countermeasures in garlic production

Problems and Countermeasures in garlic production

Yongnian County is the only production and export base of high-quality garlic in our province, with a planting area of 180000 mu and an annual output of more than 100 million kilograms of garlic bolts and garlic heads. In recent years, due to continuous cropping for many years, long-term asexual reproduction, improper planting and management methods and other measures, resulting in serious degradation of varieties, serious diseases and insect pests, yield stagnant. For this reason, we have carried out a systematic investigation. At present, there are mainly the following problems in garlic production in Yongnian County:

Serious degradation of varieties

The main reasons for variety degradation are as follows: 1. Long-term asexual reproduction. Garlic is planted and propagated by planting garlic cloves. Due to improper selection, small cloves, diseased cloves and damaged cloves are often used as seeds, so that the offspring retain not only the excellent characters of their parents, but also the metamorphosis traits of their parents.

two。 Improper cultivation and management. In the seedling stage, due to sowing too late, or cotyledons were damaged, the plant growth was thin, resulting in small growth, low yield and poor quality during the formation period of garlic bolts and heads.

3. The influence of climatic conditions. Due to cold winter or warm winter and cold spring, coupled with the widespread use of plastic film mulching, the soil moisture is high, which often leads to retting roots, resulting in lack of seedlings, broken ridges or serious secondary growth, garlic plants are short or clumpy, and garlic heads form single garlic, small garlic, small garlic or compound garlic.

The main preventive measures are:

1. Use virus-free garlic seeds. Using stem tip or root tip growth point for tissue culture and raising seedlings under aseptic conditions, the plants obtained are generally virus-free plants, and then planted and propagated in the field. Generally, virus-free garlic can be used for 3 to 5 years.

two。 Introduce varieties from different places or change them in time. When the phenomenon of degradation is found, the excellent varieties should be selected and replaced in time. The introduction of garlic from other places can also effectively promote the recovery of species.

3. Strict seed selection, purification and rejuvenation. Before harvesting, select the remaining seeds that have harvested garlic bolts and the plants are strong and disease-free. During harvest, the round, disease-free, insect-free and damage-free plants of garlic were selected and dried together with the aboveground parts for 1-3 days, then bundled into bundles and stored in a cool place. When sowing, again select the round, large and harmless garlic, free from diseases and insect pests, and remove the garlic skin and curved or too small cloves.

4. Use aerial bulbs to propagate. The aerial bulb is the small bulb growing on the garlic bolt. the reproduction by using the aerial bulb is sexual reproduction, which can effectively change the variety degradation of garlic. The individual of the aerial bulb is small, the one-headed garlic is obtained after sowing in the first year, and it is not necessary to discard it. Only by sowing the single-headed garlic in the second year can normal high-quality garlic bolts and garlic heads be produced.

No control measures are taken for the disease.

Garlic diseases are more, but generally do not cause death, and because of the large population, individual plant diseases have little impact on yield, most vegetable farmers do not pay attention to the prevention and control of garlic diseases, resulting in the trend of increasing diseases year by year, the traditional concept should be changed, active prevention and control of garlic diseases, improve yield and quality. The main diseases in garlic field are virus disease, rust disease, leaf blight, leaf spot, gray mold and so on.

1. Garlic virus disease: garlic virus disease can cause garlic to become smaller, which is the most important disease in production. If sowing poisonous garlic cloves, the disease can occur after emergence, and the disease is more serious in the land with high temperature and drought, large number of aphids or dry soil, lack of fertilizer and overgrown weeds. Continuous cropping with other crops of the genus Allium or Liliaceae and adjacent cropping fields are also prone to disease.

two。 Garlic rust: the disease is mainly harmful to leaves, followed by pseudostem; the diseased plant garlic is obviously smaller, easy to crack, and the commercial value is obviously reduced. The pathogen of garlic rust likes to be warm, cool and humid. If the temperature rises quickly in spring, it is cloudy, rainy and breezy, which is conducive to the spread and invasion of the pathogen. The disease is serious in the land with high groundwater level, heavy clay and low-lying land.

3. Garlic leaf blight: garlic leaf blight is one of the most serious diseases in garlic. the disease is mainly harmful to leaves and garlic bolts. in serious cases, the diseased leaves wither and the garlic bolts can not be pulled out, or break from the diseased part when they are pulled out, and the color is yellow and white.

4. Garlic leaf spot disease: garlic leaf spot disease occurs seriously in years with heavy rainfall. The disease is mainly harmful to leaves, causing leaf death, and causing the whole plant to die when it is serious.

Disease control technology: