Differential prevention and treatment of three diseases of soft-shelled turtle

In the process of soft-shelled turtle production, some breeders can not distinguish between white spot disease, white spot disease and water mildew disease, and there is a phenomenon of blind and drug abuse in the treatment of soft-shelled turtle disease, which affects the effect of prevention and treatment of soft-shelled turtle disease. Therefore, according to the practice in the soft-shelled turtle farm in recent years, the differences and comprehensive control methods of the above-mentioned soft-shelled turtle diseases are summarized as follows.

1. The difference between white spot disease, white spot disease and water mildew of soft-shelled turtle.

The main results are as follows: 1. Different pathogens: White spot pathogen is Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas aeruginosa, etc.; White spot pathogen is Mucor, which belongs to fungal Mucor family, so it is also called Mucor; the pathogen of water mildew is water mold, cotton mold, mycelium and other aquatic fungi.

2. The epidemic water temperature of soft-shelled turtle disease is different: White spot disease is a soft-shelled turtle disease at high temperature, which is easy to spread at water temperature of 25-30 ℃, while white spot disease and water mildew disease are soft-shelled turtle diseases at low temperature and prevalent at water temperature of 10-20 ℃.

3. The specifications of damage to soft-shelled turtles are different: White spot disease mainly harms juvenile soft-shelled turtles, especially within one month after hatching and one month in greenhouse; white spot disease mainly harms young soft-shelled turtles; water mold can harm juvenile, juvenile, adult and parent soft-shelled turtles.

4. the symptoms of the lesions are different: the lesions of white spot disease usually do not exceed the size of soybeans, there are beaded protrusions in the skin, white pus can be seen after picking out, and white spots are enlarged in severe cases, the edges are uneven and fester, mainly distributed in the abdomen and limbs; the lesions of white spot are mainly distributed in the back, limbs, neck and abdomen, and the epidermis of leukoplakia is gradually necrotic and exfoliated, even bleeding, secondary bacterial infection, and skin rot. When the mold parasitized to the throat of the soft-shelled turtle, it gradually died because of difficulty breathing, and microscopic examination showed white mycelium; water mold, also known as skin mildew, white disease, gray-white flocculent mycelium in the limbs and neck of the diseased soft-shelled turtle, affecting the movement of the soft-shelled turtle, the soft-shelled turtle gradually died of loss of appetite and weight loss.

II. Comprehensive prevention and control

1. White spot disease

(1) Prevention: aquaculture ponds are thoroughly disinfected. Generally use 150 grams / cubic meters of quicklime or 20 grams / cubic meters of strong chlorine can be disinfected. Cultivate water quality, release seedlings with fertilizer and water, keep the pool water tender green, and the transparency is 25-30 cm. Adjust the water quality and disinfect regularly. When the water temperature was kept at 28-29 ℃, the feeding and growth of soft-shelled turtle was affected when the water temperature was too low. If the water temperature was too high, the water quality of the pond water deteriorated rapidly, and the soft-shelled turtle was easy to get sick. Feeding high-quality and full-price compound feed to improve the disease resistance of soft-shelled turtle by strengthening nutrition.

(2) treatment: thoroughly change the water in the sick turtle pond. Sprinkle with 500 g / m3 baking soda and 500 g / m3 salt in the whole pool on the first day, 0.3 g / m3 strong chlorohydrin (or 0.2 g / m3 of bromochlorohydantoin) in the whole pool on the third day, or 20-30 g / m3 erythromycin in the whole pool. 1% Mel 3% antibacterial and antiviral Chinese herbal medicine was added to the feed, and 1 ‰-2 ‰ vc and ve were added to the feed to regulate the internal environment of soft-shelled turtle and enhance immunity, which were continuously fed for 5-6 days as a course of treatment.

2. White spot disease

(1) Prevention: thoroughly clear the pond. Generally use 150 g / m3 quicklime or 100 ml / m3 formalin. Standardize and operate carefully so as not to injure the turtle body. Fertilize the water quality, control the transparency at about 30 cm, adjust the water quality, and inhibit the growth and reproduction of molds. Antibiotics should be used cautiously in the prevention of white spot disease, because antibiotics can promote the development of the disease.

(2) treatment: smear method: isolate the diseased soft-shelled turtle, smear the focus with erythromycin ointment once a day for 3-5 days, and put it in the isolation pool after drying in the wind or in the sun. Immersion method: soak in 4% salt solution for 5 minutes or with 4 mg / L methylene blue for a long time. Sprinkle: sprinkle with 500 g / m3 of salt and 500 g / m3 of baking soda mixture in the whole pool, or 5 g / m3 of potassium permanganate in the whole pool. Sun exposure: put the diseased soft-shelled turtle in the sun for 1 hour, once a day, repeated several times, this method has a good effect on the newly diagnosed young soft-shelled turtle. Add ve2 ‰ to the feed for 10-15 days.

3. Water mildew

(1) Prevention: it is necessary to prevent the injury of turtle body. Keep the water fresh, because the polluted water will corrode the skin of the juvenile soft-shelled turtle and make the mold parasitic on the body surface. 2 ‰ ve was often added to the feed to improve the anti-fungal ability of soft-shelled turtle.

(2) treatment: 500g / m3 salt and 500g / m3 baking soda mixture are sprinkled all over the pool. Soaking with 5-10 g / m3 potassium permanganate for a long time has a good effect on water mold of juvenile soft-shelled turtle.