Procedure and Essentials of Pig Immunization

With the continuous development of the cause, the breed quality and quantity of pigs are gradually improving, and the pig industry has created better economic benefits for the majority of pig farmers. Enter the second half of 2002, the pig market is steadily rising, the price of fattening pigs is 6.40 to 6.80 yuan / kg: the price of commercial piglets is 12.00 to 13.50 yuan / kg: in the spring of 2004, the price of pigs has reached the highest value in recent years, the price of fattening pigs is 7.60 to 8.20 yuan / kg: the price of commercial piglets is 13.50 to 19.00 yuan / kg; has brought a rare opportunity for the pig industry for many years. But the supply of piglets falls short of demand. In addition to the increase in social demand, relatively few existing basic sows and the off-season of litter production in winter, the decline of sow fecundity and a large number of piglets death caused by epidemic disease are important reasons. After extensive investigation and analysis of some pig farms and many rural scattered pig farmers in three northeastern provinces, it is found that it is common to attach importance to treatment and neglect epidemic prevention, feeding and management, disinfection and hygiene, and enclosure to the environment. Among them, there are many problems in epidemic prevention, such as non-standard immunization operation in different regions, different pig farms, different farmers, and even the same pig farm or the same retail investors at the same stage. There are still some phenomena in agricultural pig raising, such as old concept, poor technology, tight funds and less information: in large-scale pig farms, there are many epidemic diseases brought by the introduction of breeding pigs, many loopholes in epidemic prevention for many years, frequent flow of technical management personnel, and so on; resulting in confusion in pig immunization procedures, there have been a lot of infectious diseases that should not have occurred. For this reason, the necessary immunization procedures for different types of pigs and the immunization procedures and essentials for reference are listed for reference in pig production.

1 immune procedure of pigs

2 immune essentials

The immune response of pigs is a biological process, which is affected by many genetic and environmental factors, so it is impossible to provide absolute protection. Most pigs have a moderate immune response to antigens, while a small number of pigs have a poor immune response. Therefore, the protection of the vaccine is not 100%. Even so, a general protection rate of 60% to 70% is enough to effectively stop the spread of the disease in pigs, so the effect of immunization is still quite significant. In order to make the majority of pig farmers enhance the correct understanding of pig herd immunity, the immunization essentials are summarized as follows for your reference.

2.1 develop reasonable immunization procedures

Pig farms formulate reasonable immunization procedures according to the epidemic characteristics of the local or this epidemic, and one-sided application of other pig farm immunization procedures is also easy to cause immune failure.

2.2 choose appropriate operating methods to immunize

When the pig is immunized, the technician should personally take the lead in the correct operation on the spot, and instruct each operator to immunize with the appropriate and correct method of operation. For example, because the Japanese encephalitis virus is very sensitive to iodine, it is forbidden to disinfect with iodine tincture at the injection site, otherwise the effect is not good. Asthma vaccine needs to be injected into the chest when it is immunized, and it should be sure when injected, so as not to fail because of improper operation.

2.3 accurate dose of vaccination

When vaccinating, many pig farms do not choose the dose correctly according to the instructions of the vaccine manufacturer, but determine the dose according to past experience and subjectivity. The dose set by some pig farms is correct, but the injection of "flying injection" or unskilled vaccination techniques in the process of vaccination leads to insufficient dose of the vaccine, which leads to the reduction or failure of the vaccine titer and the lack of immunity.

2.4 strengthen the feeding and management at ordinary times

Whether the immunization is successful or not and the usual feeding management are very important. Taking comprehensive measures is the fundamental guarantee for the health of pigs. When improper feeding and management, cold and humid, abrupt climate and other adverse factors, immunity should be carried out only when the environmental conditions meet the needs. Vaccination in the near future without the use of antibiotics and other anti-infective drugs, will significantly improve the immune effect.

2.5 do a good antibody test of immune level

The immune response ability of pigs to the vaccine will vary with the pig's health status, environmental conditions, vaccine quality and other factors, especially when the disease resistance of pigs is not high. Many kinds of immunity may interfere with each other: in order to accurately understand the immunity of the vaccine in pigs, pig farms should regularly test antibodies according to the proportion of the number of immunized heads according to the immunization period of each vaccine. The next step of immunity is determined according to the antibody level.

2.6 Immunization in the healthy state of pigs

Immunized pigs must be healthy, such as thin, sick, high body temperature, loss of appetite and so on. In order to save trouble and facilitate management, the technical breeders of individual pig farms do not treat all different types of pigs separately during immunization, regardless of whether they are healthy or not, which often leads to related diseases.

2.7 manage vaccines well

In the process of storage, transportation and preservation, the vaccine is not carried out strictly according to the requirements of the storage, transportation and preservation of biological products, or the vaccine is out of control. for example, the classical swine fever vaccine can only be preserved at-15 ℃ for 18 months, but when the temperature of the classical swine fever vaccine is 0: 8 ℃ during transportation, it will not be able to have normal immunity at 18 months, so that pigs can not produce enough protective antibodies, resulting in immune failure.

2.8 use of combined vaccines as little as possible

When using the combined vaccine, it must be carried out under the guidance of the veterinarian in combination with the local area and the actual conditions of this field. In general, the use of combined vaccines is not recommended. The use of combined vaccines in areas where the epidemic is unstable often fails to achieve the desired immune effect.

2.9 Disinfection of injection utensils

Syringes, needles and other appliances should be disinfected before use; at the same time, the injection site should be disinfected. One needle needs to be changed for each pig injected. Used utensils, empty bottles and rubber plugs should be boiled and disinfected in time or buried deeply. If discarded casually, it will cause pollution and cause epidemic disease.