The pruning method of tea tree

Tea tree pruning is a measure to properly control and regulate the distribution and operation of nutrients in tea trees on the basis of comprehensive management of soil, fertilizer and water in tea garden, according to local natural conditions, tree age and variety growth habits. a measure to make rational use and distribution of nutrients. However, it must be closely coordinated with fertilizer and water management, combined with collecting and retaining leaves, and pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in order to make tea trees recover quickly and grow well after pruning.

Stereotyped pruning

The height and branch thickness of young tea trees in the first pruning are closely related to the strength and number of branches. According to the branching habits of shrubby tea trees, when the height of bipedal tea seedlings is more than 30 cm, the diameter of the main stem is 3 mm 4 mm, and there are 1 cm 2 branches, the first stereotyped pruning can be carried out, and the pruning height is 15 cm 20 cm above the ground. Although the tea trees with poor growth have bipedal age, their growth is not up to the standard, so stereotyped pruning should be postponed. Some tea trees with deep soil layer and good management level have reached the standard at one full age, and they can also be stereotyped and pruned one year in advance. The first trimming must be careful, only the main branch should be cut, not the lateral branch, the cutting position should be close to the lower leaf, the pile should not be too long, the cut mouth should be tilted to the inside, and the outer bud position should be retained as far as possible. After the first stereotyped pruning, the management should be strengthened to make the tea trees produce exuberant new branches as soon as possible. The height of the second trimming can be increased by 15cm to 20cm on the first cut. The height of the third trimming is increased by about 10 cm on the second cut. In this way, through three consecutive stereotyped pruning, the height of the tea tree skeleton branch can reach 50 cm, together with the main stem to form 4-5 layers of branches, on this basis, the tea tree crown and picking surface can be further cultivated by light pruning, combined with topping and light picking.

The top advantage of the small tree type tea tree is strong, the new shoots of the tea tree grow vigorously and the internodes are long, so it is not suitable to adopt the stereotyped pruning method of shrub tea tree, but should be pruned as far as possible by the method of sectional pruning. When the growth of the tea tree meets one of the following three standards, it can be stereotyped and pruned: first, the main stem is 4mm in diameter and more than 20cm in height. Second, there are 7 leaves and 8 leaves. The third is the Lignification or semi-Lignification of branches. Pruning method: the first trimming is still carried out when the height of the tea tree is about 30 cm and the diameter of the main stem is more than 4 mm. It is pruned from 12 cm to 18 cm above the ground. After the first pruning, the tea tree is pruned in stages when it grows to more than 20 cm and has 2-3 branches, pruning every 20-40 days and pruning 5-7 times a year (the same branch can be trimmed 2-3 times). Each pruning only meets the standard number of branches of 1 stroke, 3 branches, 1 branch, 2 pruning. The length of the pruning branch stump should be extended by 8cm from the branch fork, the central branch should be strongly pruned, leaving 8cm 10cm, and the side branches should be trimmed lightly, leaving 10cm 12cm. After two years of pruning, the crown of the tea tree should be trimmed again when the height of the tea tree reaches about 60cm. After that, only the dominant branches at the top of the tea tree were trimmed, and at the same time, the leaves were picked to clean up the invalid branches, so that the production branch layer formed a balanced and dense surface.

In the process of crown formation of young tea trees, the cultivation of backbone branches and skeleton layer mainly depends on three times of shaping and pruning. In the picking technology, we should carry out "leaving leaves in batches", keeping more and less picking, giving priority to raising, picking as a supplement, and carrying out topping and light picking. In the production practice, we should pay attention to two kinds of tendencies: first, we should only pay attention to the immediate interests, do not consider the growth of tea trees and the basis for achieving high and stable yield, rush for success, improperly early harvest and strong harvest, resulting in early senescence of trees, the yield always does not go up, and it is difficult for tea trees to be closed. Second, should not be picked, the implementation of closed garden canopy, the result can not achieve the goal.

Light pruning

Light pruning is a kind of shaping and pruning on the basis of stereotyped pruning in order to continue to cultivate tea tree crown and picking noodles. The cutting position is generally increased by 4cm to 8cm over the previous year. Spring tea leaves to pick, leave spring shoots, cut off summer and autumn shoots. Spring tea leaves no leaves but summer tea leaves to pick, cut off the summer and autumn shoots left above the true leaf tip. If the leaves of spring and summer tea are picked, then the net increase in the height of the crown shall prevail for pruning, and it is not advisable to leave the pile too high. Light trimming should be trimmed horizontally once and the cut should be smooth. Light pruning should be carried out in the dormant period of tea trees in late autumn or early spring. After pruning, the fertilizer management of tea garden should be strengthened. Light pruning every other year or more than two years and picking leaves of spring tea can advance the mining of spring tea, increase the output of spring tea and improve the economic benefit.

Deep pruning

Deep pruning is mainly to cut off the chicken claw branches, redundant branches and dead branches of tea trees to promote the germination of new branches, form new production branches and improve the ability of sprouting. In general, the period of deep pruning is usually more than 5 years. After a deep pruning, when the tea crown production branch layer is senescent again, the deep pruning should be carried out again. Deep pruning is relatively deep, generally lowering the crown surface by 15cm to 25cm. Deep pruning is often carried out after spring tea is picked, so that one season of spring tea can be obtained. After deep pruning, the picking should be stopped in order to cultivate the tree potential, and it can not be picked until the branch layer of the tea tree crown is reformed the following year. If deep pruning is carried out at the end of autumn, the spring tea of the following year should be kept for a season and picked in summer.

Re-pruning

Re-pruning is suitable for tea gardens where the main branches are still strong, the first and second branches are also strong, the upper branches are messy and weak, and the tea gardens are prematurely aged. The cutting position of the re-pruning is generally about 40 cm from the ground, leaving only the main branch and 1-2 branches. The particularly senescent branches in the tea bushes can be cut off from the roots, while the thin branches in the natural regeneration branches can be cut off to retain the robust regeneration branches. Generally, heavy pruning is carried out in the dormant period after spring tea picking, cut branch by branch with a sharp knife or table cutting, the incision must be smooth and slightly inclined, and fertilizer must be re-applied after re-pruning.

Takagaki

Taiwan cutting is mainly aimed at seriously aging tea trees, cutting off all the crown from the rhizome (within 5 cm from the ground), so that the adventitious buds in the rhizome germinate to form a new crown. The stakes should not be too high, otherwise the sprouting will not be strong and the new branches will be slender. Table cutting is to cut off the branches with a sharp knife and cut off the thick branches with a saw to avoid pile damage so as to avoid decay and affect development. Some aging tea trees have sprouted many natural regeneration branches from the rhizome, such as these branches are sturdy, while other branches of the same plant are very old, so they can be cut and cut old and strong, and the regeneration branches left behind can be used for stereotyping and pruning to form a new crown. Platform cutting should be carried out in spring, so that the new branches can achieve Lignification through the growth of one year, which is convenient for stereotyped pruning the following year. Table cutting must be combined with soil improvement and re-application of organic fertilizer in order to achieve the desired results.