A New Technique of Rapid Propagation of Gastrodia elata Hybrids by "Two Methods"

1. Breeding method of Tianma arrow bud in pot (taking Yidu red Tianma as an example)

1. Potted seedlings: Before and after Qingming Festival, when the room temperature is stable above 15℃, select fresh and healthy wild red gastrodia elata arrow bud matrix (marked wild red) and plain red gastrodia elata arrow bud matrix (marked Jiahong) with full bud top and no damage, weigh 100- 150g, plant them in plastic washbasin or enamel washbasin respectively with river sand, evenly place 4 arrow bud matrix (plants) in each basin, and the arrow bud head (parrot mouth) is 3- 5cm away from the basin edge upward, covering 5- 10cm thick wet river sand. Culturing at 19 deg.C for 15-20 days, Gastrodia elata bolting and flowering.

2. Pollinating breeding: after gastrodia elata bolting and flowering to form flower whiskers, artificial cross-pollination is carried out one by one according to inflorescence height. Specific operation: hold a small plastic plate in the left hand, fix the receptacle marked with wild red gastrodia elata, hold a large needle in the right hand to peel off the outer layer of the flower, expose the pistil, open the medicine cap with the needle tip, and the pale yellow pollen mass on the sticky plate adheres to the needle tip, and gently place it in the plastic plate. Then stick the labeled pollens of Gastrodia elata to the sticky disk of flowers and fruits of Gastrodia elata and gently press them; move the needle tip to pick the pollens of Gastrodia elata in the plastic disk to the sticky disk of flowers of Gastrodia elata and gently press them to obtain the product. After 15-25 days of growth, pollinated flowers gradually expand into capsule fruits (pollen seeds). When the capsule is hard and soft, it will be harvested in time when it is about to dehisce. One and several adjacent fruits will be collected together and stored in a refrigerator at 5-10℃ or harvested with seeds. After sexual pollination, a female Tianma arrow bud can grow into 40-50 Tianma hybrid capsules, with a total growth period of 45-50 days.

2. Rapid propagation of Tianma hybrid capsule in sand bed (taking 1 square meter as an example)

1. Material preparation: ① Fruit powder seed: 3 bottles of leaf germination seed, break into jujube grain size, take 20 gastrodia elata hybrid capsules, shake out pollen seeds in capsules, mix well with a little dry sawdust, mix well with leaf germination bacteria, and let stand for 1 night. (2) 3 bottles of Armillaria mellea species were broken into single root branch segments of jujube grain size respectively.③ Clean medium fine river sand about 100 kg.④ Fresh miscellaneous tree segments 25-30 kg. Among them, 14 thick wood sections with diameter of 4-8 cm and length of 30 cm and 24 fine wood sections with diameter of 2-3 cm and length of 20 cm are respectively soaked in 0.2% polybacterium aqua solution for 24 hours. After a little dewatering, cut 2 fish scales on the opposite sides of each wood segment, and plant 1 branch segment of Armillaria mellea seed (about 1 bottle) in the fish scale mouth; 3 kg of branch segments with diameter of 1 cm and length of 4-5 cm. 5. 4 kg of dry leaves on the ground, soaked and moistened with 0.2% carbendazim solution. Half a bottle of Shachongling and half a packet of Shuangxiaosu powder.

2. Sand bed cultivation: red brick or cement hollow brick is placed on the indoor ground plane into a rectangular frame with a width of 80 cm, a length of 125 cm and a height of 15-20 cm. 5 cm thick wet river sand is laid in the frame as the first layer of sand bed, 1 layer of wet leaves is laid as the second layer, and the third layer is evenly spread with half bottle branch segments of Armillaria mellea species. The fourth layer is evenly sowing fruit powder seeds, and the fifth layer is evenly sowing half bottle branch Armillaria mellea seeds. the sixth layer is paved with a layer of wet leaves, the seventh layer is evenly arranged with thick wood sections and thin wood sections, the eighth layer is evenly planted with a bottle branch section of Armillaria mellea species in the thick wood sections and thin wood sections, the ninth layer is filled with wet river sand with a thickness of 1 cm, the tenth layer is filled with thin branch sections, the eleventh layer is evenly spread with broken Armillaria mellea species, the twelfth layer is covered with wet river sand with a thickness of 5 cm, and the thirteenth layer is covered with loose wet leaves with a thickness of 5-6 cm. Adjust the temperature to 20-25℃, adjust the humidity of the space to 75%-85%, and keep the leaves on the bed moist. After 4-5 months of cultivation, the hybrid gastrodia elata seeds mature. 5-8 kg of yellow and white pulp full, round and plump original (0) generation hybrid hemp seeds can be harvested by picking up sand layer and sweet ring fungi. Then refer to the above method or according to "Tianma mellea synchronous cultivation method" scientific planting, can be planted for 5 years, high yield every year.