Cultivation and processing of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata belongs to herbaceous plant, which is used as medicine in underground tuber. it mainly treats hypertension, vertigo, headache, askew of mouth and eye, limb numbness, infantile convulsion, hemiplegia and other diseases. it is also used in pilots' brain health care and Alzheimer's disease. it is an ideal brain nerve health care medicine.

1. Reproduction of Gastrodia elata

1.1 sexual reproduction

When a small number of Gastrodia elata extract stems from the ground and blossom, they should keep the sand moist and fix the stems with bamboo poles to shield them from the sun. After the buds are formed, the flowers will bloom one to several a day from the bottom up. If there is a lack of pollination insects can also be raised nearby or artificially pollinated, use tweezers to open the Corolla, remove the anther cap, take out the powder block and place it on the stigma. The time of pollination should be from 10:00 to 4 p.m. When pollination is successful, the ovary expands, the Corolla withered, and the ovary has obvious stitches. Once the ovary is cracked, a large number of seeds will be raised. When a fruit is cracked, five adjacent fruits will be cut off and placed in a vessel to be naturally cracked. Seeds scattered in utensils are sown immediately and cannot be placed. Lift up the fungus material of the cultivated fungus bed, spread broad-leaved leaves with a thickness of about 1cm, sow seeds between leaf layers, sow seeds with 20 fruits per square meter, then restore the fungus powder to its original state, scatter a layer of leaves and cover it with cover, so that it can grow into a strong Gastrodia elata and become a high-yielding hybrid. When planting Gastrodia elata, make a few more bacterial beds, do not put pockmarked seeds, and prepare to pick Gastrodia elata for sexual reproduction.

1.2 asexual reproduction

From October to November, Armillaria mellea can grow, while Gastrodia elata needs about 10 ℃ to germinate, so it takes a long time for Gastrodia elata planted in autumn and winter to combine with the seed of Gastrodia elata, so it can get sufficient nutrition supply when Gastrodia elata begins to germinate in the coming year. Therefore, autumn planting is the best season. The method is:

The main results are as follows: (1) the selected site for cellar excavation is humus black sandy soil, which can filter water and keep warm in the mountain area or dig the cellar in the courtyard, with a depth of 25-30cm and a width of 50-60cm. The pit bottom has a slope of 10 °- 15 °along the mountain to facilitate the passage of water.

(2) to prepare the backfill, use the black loose soil of the mountain broad-leaved forest (Chai Laodi) as the backfill; you can also choose the fat and black mud on the flat ground plus sawdust, or the sundries after sifting out the soybeans when the soil is added to the rice husk or beating soybeans, and those under the sieve are bagged for use, and those above the sieve are broken for use. When harvesting the potato, the rattan is cut and dried, the feed machine is broken, and transported to the planting site and sand to mix and prepare. The ratio of sawdust to sandy soil is 3:1 (volume ratio), the ratio of leaves (unrotten crushed) plus mud and sandy soil, and the ratio of rice husk (or salt bean vine, jasmine vine) to Gaza is 2VR 1, which is covered with a layer of fine sand to cover the litter.

In order to promote the growth and development of Armillaria mellea, one-time application of phosphate fertilizer, that is, 0.5% ml 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution or according to a layer of calcium superphosphate powder, the dosage per cellar is 20ml 30g, weighing the sample, ready to spread.

(3) the discharge of bacterial sticks should first sprinkle 5-6cm deep mixed mud at the bottom of the pit, and then sprinkle a layer of semi-rotten broad-leaved leaves (not too thick), so as to cover the soil. First, put 4 bacterial rods along the hillside, the distance between the rods and the rods is 2-3cm, the middle of the two rods is close to the rods, the growth points of the two ends are outward, the head of the rods are put 2 hemp seeds, put the back cover mixed soil to the rod flat, and then put a layer of bacterial sticks and hemp seeds, with soil to fill the gap. When swinging, the upper and lower rods should be staggered, the first layer should be placed, and then the 5cm mixed soil should be placed, and then the second layer of bacterial sticks and hemp seeds should be placed. Cover with a layer of leaves, and finally cover with 7-10cm and horizon.

(4) the cultivation method of adding firewood can not only establish a Republican relationship between Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, but also provide rich nutrition for Armillaria mellea. During cultivation, flax seeds should be placed close to bacterial sticks and filled with leaves.

(5) in the method of bacterial bed cultivation, the cellar was dug when the countryside was free from May to June, and firewood and salary sticks were put in. When planting, dig up the bacterial bed, first dig out the upper bacterial stick, do not move the lower rod, just shovel a small hole in the middle of the lower rod, put it into the hemp seed, then put the upper rod in the same place (don't mess up the original stick), put the flax seed by the tight bacterial stick, sprinkle 20g calcium superphosphate, fill the gap soil and cover the soil on the flat ground, this method can pick up the bacteria block, the inoculation rate is high, and the yield is also high.

(6) the three-pronged cultivation method is to use artificially cultivated pure Armillaria mellea, aseptic fresh sticks and flax seeds to go to the cellar at the same time, the general amount of bacteria is 8mur9 kilograms / square meter, seed hemp 1.5 kg (3 cellar / square meter).

2. Management after cultivation

The flax is planted in the cellar from October to November and the grass is hoed once in April to May next year to prevent people and animals from trampling.

The main results are as follows: (1) Gastrodia elata has just developed and grown in drought prevention spring, and its water demand is low, and its growth period is from June to August. Attention should be paid to watering and protecting buds in case of drought, because young buds are easy to dry up and die because they can not adapt to adversity. A small hole can be dug gently with a hoe at the upper end of the cellar, then watered and infiltrated, and restored to its original state after pouring. Flat ground can be watered around the cellar to infiltrate, set up frames at the same time, plant melons and fruits, and let the branches shade the sun.

(2) to prevent waterlogging and dig drainage ditches.

(3) Anti-freezing cover weeds or thick cover leaves.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main results are as follows: (1) the mole cricket, named Lala Oratosquilla, can dig vertical and horizontal roads under the topsoil of Gastrodia elata cellar and eat Gastrodia elata tubers. Can use 50% chlordane 0.5 kg, wheat bran (fried incense) 25 kg, add 7.5 kg water to mix, disperse in the evening on the surface of the hemp cellar as poison bait.

(2) the grub soil is named Bombyx mori (beetle larva), which eats Gastrodia elata in the cellar to make it hollow, and can be crushed with trichlorfon and honey on the plate. Poisonous potatoes can also be put into the size of a matchbox, soaked in 0.2% 20% dimethoate solution, stirred for 12-14 hours, then soaked for 10 hours, removed and dried, put 3 pieces per cellar after drying, the efficacy period is 7 days, can not be killed at a time, to put several times, can cut more sweet potatoes to dry, set aside. Remember to prevent children from eating it both in the sun and in the air.

(3) the harm of ants can also be killed by Sheng Jing. At the same time, meat skin, meat, chicken and fish bones can be buried near the harmful Gastrodia elata, which can be pulled out after the second day, and killed with hot water when the ants gather (hot water can be temporarily set up to heat the stove). Aphids are harmful during flowering, and 0.05% solution of 40% dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed.

(4) rodent was poisoned with rodent poison.

4. Harvest and processing of Gastrodia elata

(1) harvest from October to November. First dig up the bacterial stick, take out arrow hemp, white hemp and Gastrodia elata, and ship them gently to avoid man-made mechanical damage and prevent postharvest rotten hemp.

(2) grading and grading at random. The single weight above 150g is 1 grade, 75Muth150g is 2 grade, below 74g and the big one is 3 grade.

(3) rinse the graded Gastrodia elata with water respectively, do not rub off the mud, and can only gently wipe the mud with your hands. Wash on the same day, process on the same day, don't wash if you don't have time for processing.

(4) the processed Gastrodia elata is called Snow Gastrodia elata, which is cultivated artificially and does not planing except for export.

(5) after boiling water, different grades of Gastrodia elata are boiled and a small amount of alum is added. 5kg Gastrodia elata with 100g alum. Boil more than 150g per unit for 10-15min, cook 150kg for 7-10min, cook 5-8min for less than 100g, and cook 4min for the rest of the boil. In short, the cooked heart shall prevail.

(6) do not use excessive firepower in drying. The temperature on the Kang should start at 50 ℃ 60 ℃. When drying 70%, the big ones should be pressed all over by hand, and the small ones should not be pressed and baked again. At this time, the temperature should be 70 ℃. You can dry it in the sun. After it is fully dry, take out the graded packaging and sell it.