Grasp the three key points for the high yield of Gastrodia elata

Due to the sharp decrease in the production area of Gastrodia elata in recent years, the market demand is on the rise, and the price of Gastrodia elata is on the rise. Recently, many growers have called to inquire about the cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata. The reporter interviewed Professor Cao Debin of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, an expert on Gastrodia elata, and now makes an important introduction to the high-yield cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata, hoping to be helpful to the majority of farmers.

First, Armillaria mellea should be "three new"

1. New technology: new methods to obtain new strains. The new method is to use the latest biotechnology to detoxify the bacteria, which is by far the most advanced method to obtain strains. The traditional Armillaria mellea strain has the best effect when it is obtained by tissue isolation or spore isolation, and most of the general units or individuals use the purchased mother species for re-expansion, so the cultivation effect is not good.

2. New strain: it is required to be a pure isolated strain within three generations. The pure isolated strain referred to in this paper refers to the Armillaria mellea strain that uses the latest biotechnology for detoxification; the third generation, that is, the first generation of virus-free Armillaria mellea, is only subcultured once, that is, it is used for the production of secondary and tertiary species, and does not continue to expand. The traditional Armillaria mellea strains do not carry out detoxification treatment, and due to the need of quantity, they are continuously expanded, and some even unrestricted transfer culture, resulting in the decline of strain vitality and serious degradation of strain characteristics. After being used in production, the mycelium can not meet the needs of Gastrodia elata growth, and the cultivation results can be imagined.

3. New fungus material: the cultivation of fungus material should make use of the oak in the current year and the fungus mellea treated with detoxification treatment. After about 4 months after inoculation, the hyphae go deep into the subcutaneous xylem of oak. On the surface, the bark is compact and there is no shedding phenomenon. Cut and check, the subcutaneous hyphae are dense, indicating that the cultivation can be carried out successfully. When Armillaria mellea and Artemisia mandshurica are directly used for cultivation, the amount of strain is slightly larger, and the effect is the same. It should be noted that Duan wood should be broad-leaved trees, can not use pine, fir, cypress, camphor and other tree species, try not to use poplar, paulownia and other soft tissue tree species. After one year of use, the fungus can be used as mycelium transmission interval, not directly as cultivation material.

Second, hemp seed should be "three high"

1. High technical content: the latest technology now is to carry out sexual hybridization of Gastrodia elata, which can enable people to obtain ideal production results; traditional hemp seeds are mostly small hemp rice produced by "handed down from generation to generation", therefore, it is difficult to have a good cultivation effect.

2. High survival rate: this is one of the most important conditions. The best flax seed is white flax, a single 10-50 grams is appropriate; the most important thing is that the individual should be complete, no mechanical damage, no disease spots, no pests, etc., to the strong light observation, the flax seed is transparent, without any shadow attachment.

3. High yield of hemp: this is the final result of hybrid Gastrodia elata. Generally, the yield of common hemp is low, and the highest yield of 5 kg is good, while the yield of hybrid hemp can reach more than 20 kg or even higher.

Third, cultivation requires "three essentials".

1. Choose a good site: the ideal cultivation site should be warm and moist, not cold, dry or stagnant water, generally in wild wasteland, forest gaps, shaded hillsides and sandy soil. Gastrodia elata can also be cultivated indoors, basements, caves, courtyards and hidden open spaces of vines, in short, an environment suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata can be artificially created, and Gastrodia elata can be cultivated in any area.

2. Scientific management: the cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata is relatively simple, and the basic operation can be learned at all levels of education. After sowing, Gastrodia elata is only managed in terms of humidity and temperature. However, it is necessary to adhere to scientific management and specific cultivation management: first, the soil of the site should be kept at a certain moisture content and watered in time during drought; second, the temperature in the cultivation border (pond) should not be higher than 28 ℃. Third, control moisture, continuous rain to clear ditches and drainage; finally, build a shed for shade to avoid high-temperature rotten flax.

3. Timely harvest: practice has proved that timely harvest is a very important link, but this point is often ignored in the cultivation of Gastrodia elata, which finally leads to the emergence of "hollow hemp" and so on. Gastrodia elata, which is generally cultivated after November, must be harvested for a year, and for those cultivated in spring, do not delay the harvest time, so as not to cause rotten hemp and moth, if bolting occurs, it will have no commercial value.