Reproduction of Gastrodia elata

I. asexual reproduction

1. The period of cultivation. Generally, winter planting is carried out in November, spring planting is carried out from March to April, and winter planting is better.

two。 Seed hemp choice. White hemp and rice hemp is the best, each weight 5 grams-10 grams is the best. The seed flax with no disease spot, no trauma, no frost injury, no decay, spindle shape and obvious bud eyes was selected. Some also use arrow hemp as seed hemp, but the top bud should be removed.

3. The amount of hemp used. It depends on the size of the seed and the number of fungus in a litter. Generally, 9-10 fungus are used in each litter, 5-6 seed hemp is put in one fungus, the weight is 50-60 g, and the amount of seed per litter is about 500 g.

4. Cultivation methods. At present, there are mainly the following five methods in large-scale production. ① fungus co-planting method. Dig a 40 cm deep pit and put the cultivated bacterial sticks at the bottom of the pit, 5 cm apart. Seed hemp is placed on each stick in parallel, and the two ends of the stick are also put on the flax, which should be close to the stick. Rice and hemp are scattered on both sides of the stick. After planting a layer, fill 3 cm-5 cm, so that the bottom fungus material can not be seen. Then plant the second layer with the above method, and finally cover the soil 10 cm-15 cm thick, slightly higher than the ground. ② fungus material plus new fungus stick cultivation method. Generally use 10 bacterial sticks, put 5 cultivated sticks at the bottom, and then put 5 new materials of uncultured bacteria at intervals. The seed hemp is placed on both sides of the cultivated fungus and planted according to the method of fungus companion planting. ③ bacterial bed cultivation method. During cultivation, dig up the cultivated bacterial bed and take out 5 fungus materials in the upper layer. The lower layer of fungus material is immobile, and the flax is planted according to the method of co-planting, and the soil is filled with 3 cm-5 cm. Then plant the second layer with 5 fungi in the upper layer, and then cover the soil by 10 cm-15 cm. This method has the advantages of high inoculation rate, fast survival and high yield. You can also pick up the cultivated bacterial bed when planting, take out 5 bacterial materials, add 5 new materials, plant a new nest, and then use the 5 bacterial materials taken out, add 5 new materials, and plant another nest. ④ border cultivation method. Make a border in the mountain forest or sloping land on the edge of the forest, leaving a 30cm operation path between the two beds. Dig up the soil at the bottom of the bed to facilitate water seepage. The fungus is laid flat, 5 cm-6 cm apart, and humus soil is added while swinging. According to the method of bacterial bed cultivation, it can be planted with one or two layers. ⑤ box planting method. The box planting method is not limited by site and soil quality, and can make full use of idle open space, courtyard and indoor conditions. This method is not only easy to control temperature and humidity, but also saves labor and materials, and the method is simple. The size of the incubator is not strict, generally 60 cm long, 45 cm wide and 30 cm high. The cultivated soil is usually composed of broad-leaved tree sawdust, fine sand and humus soil, with a proportion of 1:1:1. But sawdust should not be too much, otherwise it is easy to increase the temperature of fermentation and damage Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. Methods: generally, 4-6 fungi were used in each box and 250 grams of flax were planted. The box can be moved indoors in winter in the north, and then moved outdoors after warm spring, while in summer in the south, it should be moved indoors and properly sprinkled to maintain a suitable temperature and humidity.

II. Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata can not only prevent the germplasm degradation of long-term asexual reproduction, but also expand the provenance and increase the yield. The seed of Gastrodia elata is very small and simple in structure. it is composed of embryo and seed coat of monolayer cells. there is no endosperm and the embryo has less than 100 cells, so the germination rate is very low. Generally, it is not easy to germinate under natural conditions, even if a very small number of seeds can germinate, it is difficult to establish a nutritional relationship with Armillaria mellea, and the survival rate is very low. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out artificial cultivation and the technical requirements are relatively strict.

1. Cultivate the bacterial bed. The high quality bacterial materials were selected as raw materials from March to April and were cultivated according to the method of cultivating bacteria bed.

two。 Seed hemp choice. Choose arrow hemp with full terminal bud, fresh, robust, injury-free, pest-free, weight of about 250 grams as seed hemp.

3. Planting hemp. It can be planted in winter or in spring. Put several rows of fungus properly during cultivation, put the seed flax flat, the terminal bud upward, the distance between 15cm-20cm. Generally, winter planting is simple greenhouse cultivation. Choose the leeward to the sunny place, set up the greenhouse to the east-west direction, high in the north and low in the south, covered with plastic film, with vents on both sides. The greenhouse is covered with sandy loam with a thickness of about 20 cm to maintain a suitable water content. It is planted with the harvest of arrow hemp in winter. After planting, the temperature is required to rise gradually from low to high, generally, the low temperature of-1 ℃-0 ℃ is about 40 days, and then gradually rises to 5 ℃-8 ℃, 8 ℃-15 ℃, 15 ℃-24 ℃, the growth period is maintained at about 25RE, and the air relative humidity is maintained at 60% 70%. It can bolt and blossom from April to May. Planted outdoors in spring and planted in April-May combined with picking and digging, it is suitable to be cultivated under the forest or on sandy loam soil against the wind, covered with 5 cm humus soil. Set up a frame and fix it after emergence to prevent lodging. Build a shed to shade the sun and pay attention to watering in times of drought.

4. Artificial pollination. Gastrodia elata is mainly pollinated by small soil wasps of the genus Gastrodia, but there are few small soil wasps in nature, and the pollination rate is very low. Therefore, artificial pollination must be carried out in courtyard or indoor cultivation. It is generally carried out at about 10:00 the next day after flowering, the method is to fix the receptacle in the left hand, gently penetrate the neck of the flower with tweezers in the right hand, remove the cap with tweezers, clip it on the stigma with slime at the bottom of the flower together with the pollen block, and press gently to make the pollen bind closely with the mucus. Be careful not to pierce the ovary during artificial pollination. The inflorescence of Gastrodia elata is infinite, and the blooming time between the basal flower and the apical flower is about 10-15 days. Artificial pollination can be carried out in stages, and should be marked to avoid omission.

5. Fruit harvest. Generally speaking, the seeds mature in late June. It should be checked every day, harvested when the fruit is cracked, harvested in stages and in batches, wrapped in paper after harvest, placed in a cool and dry place for 2-3 days, then shake out the seeds, and then sow.

6. Sowing method. Generally, the leaf fungus bed is usually used for cultivation. From March to April, the cultivated fungus bed is dug up and laid with sandy loam or humus soil with a thickness of 3 cm-5 cm. Then a layer of Armillaria mellea grows best, and then a layer of leaves is laid and gently flattened. Sow seeds with a small barrel seeder made of 120 mesh base, and then spread a layer of leaves after sowing. Sow the second layer of seeds on it, cover the soil with 3 cm-5 cm, cover 1 layer of leaves, and put on the stick. Finally, the soil is covered by 10 cm-15 cm. Put 10 fungi in each nest, sow 5-10 capsules, and have about 200000-300000 seeds. Some adopt the method of single-layer sowing, leaving the bacterial stick at the bottom of the bacterial bed when sowing, sowing after laying 1 thin layer of tidal leaves, putting back the bacterial stick in the upper layer, and covering the soil to the level of the ground.