Three-dimensional cultivation of Gastrodia elata soybean

Gastrodia elata is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, with qi, calm shock, Yanggan Zhiyun, Qufengshi. Strong muscles and bones, etc. In recent years, on the basis of artificial box cultivation, we have made full use of the growth characteristics of Gastrodia elata by planting Gastrodia elata underground and planting dwarf crops soybean on the ground successfully. According to the investigation and determination of Shuidian Town Agricultural Station, the three-dimensional cultivation of soybean gastrodia elata produces 200-300 kg of commercial hemp dry products per mu, creating an output value of 8000-10000 yuan (calculated by 36-40 yuan/kg), and soybean 150-175 kg per mu, creating an output value of 360 - 420 yuan (calculated by 2.4 yuan/kg). The total output value per mu is 8360-10420 yuan. After deducting 3000-4000 yuan for hemp planting and 20 yuan for soybean planting, the net profit per mu can be 4300-6300 yuan per year. Now will soybean gastrodia elata three-dimensional cultivation technology to do an introduction.

1. Cultivation of bacterial materials

1. Source of Close-ring Bacteria

One is to collect wild dense ring fungi; the other is to use wild dense ring fungi or fruiting bodies (wild rod mushrooms) as original strains, and obtain pure strains through tissue separation and culture; the third is to introduce strains, that is, to directly purchase pure strains from culture units or hemp cultivation units, and then to carry out bacterial expansion culture by oneself.

2. Culture of bacterial rods

Mushroom stick to oak wood is good. Generally choose the oak branches cut down after the beginning of winter and before the vernal equinox, 3-5 cm in diameter, 45-60 cm long, and 30% dehydrated. 5 parts of broadleaf leaves collected at the end of autumn and 1 part of fine sand are mixed evenly as culture medium. Bacteria rod culture bacteria in general 1 - 2 months before planting hemp. Usually, wooden box culture method is adopted, that is, a wooden box with a length of 60 cm, a width of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm is used, two holes with a diameter of 1-2 cm are drilled at the bottom of the box, and then a layer of culture material with a thickness of 3-5 cm is laid, 4-5 bacterial rods are evenly placed, culture material is added between the rods, and when the rod diameter is half, the cultivated bacterial branches are placed between the rods; culture material is continuously added to the flat surface, and the culture material with a thickness of 2-3 cm is laid on the top. According to this method, 3-4 layers are placed, and the top layer is sealed with culture medium or 2 cm thick pure sawdust, and poured thoroughly with water. It can be used after more than 1 month.

II. Cultivation techniques

1. alternatively

According to the living habits of closed-ring fungi, generally select sandy loam plots with loose soil, good drainage, soil moisture content of 40%-60%, and strong permeability. The ground should be cleared of debris.

2. cultivation method

Gastrodia elata is planted in flat beds, and soybeans are planted on the bed surface. Gastrodia elata grows underground, and soybeans grow on the ground. Gastrodia elata reproduction points sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in two ways. In production, asexual reproduction is generally adopted. Cultivation time points spring planting and autumn planting two kinds, generally spring planting more time in the "Qingming" around.

Gastrodia elata planting: first do ridge, ridge depth 15-20 cm, width 100 cm, length unlimited. The width of the track is 50 cm. 2- 3cm thick sand or culture material is paved at the bottom of the ridge, the pre-cultured bacterial rods are laid flat at the bottom of the groove according to the interval of 10cm, humus soil or wet fine soil is added at the side, when half of the bacterial rods are filled, gastrodia elata seeds are placed between the bacterial rods, humus soil or wet fine soil is filled to be flat, and then soil is covered by 7- 15cm. Generally, 0.5 kg of hemp seeds are needed per square meter. When planting, it is best to grade the seed hemp, planting large and medium white hemp together, and planting small white hemp and rice hemp together, so as to facilitate harvest and management by stages. Finally, smooth the ridge surface to facilitate soybean sowing.

Soybean planting: select local lodging-resistant and high-yield soybean varieties and sow them in early May. Generally, hole sowing is adopted, two rows are planted in each ridge, and the row spacing is 60 cm. Large row spacing 90 cm, plant spacing 26 cm, seedling period seedlings, 8000 seedlings per mu.

3. field management

Gastrodia elata growth period does not need fertilization, but bogey ponding, after the rain to eliminate ponding in time. If large and medium white hemp is cultivated, it will be harvested in about 180 days, and small white hemp and rice hemp will be harvested in the autumn of the next year. Therefore, it is necessary to cover straw and other cold-proof materials during winter, and to prevent livestock from trampling. Pest control: When pests occur in cultivation plots, 100 times trichlorfon liquid can be sprayed, or it can be made into poison bait. When cultivating bacteria and planting hemp, if it is found that the bacteria are infected with mold, it cannot be used.

4. Harvesting and processing

First harvest the soybeans on the ground, then harvest the gastrodia elata underground. Cultivate big, medium white hemp spring planting autumn harvest late october to early november with the temperature drop gastrodia elata dormancy period, then harvest gastrodia elata pulp sufficient quality, high yield. When harvesting, the topsoil is gently peeled off, the soil layer bacteria stick is removed, and the tubers of Gastrodia elata are collected. Arrow hemp is processed into commodities, while white hemp and rice hemp are reserved for seed cultivation.

Processing method: first wash the hemp body soil, brush off the toxin and scales (coarse skin), steam in an earthen pot for 20-30 minutes, until there is no hard core, take out and bake, when the hemp reaches 70%, gently flatten, and then bake until it is completely dry.