Technical Key to Improve Survival Rate and Yield of Gastrodia elata

Tuyan is one of the main producing areas of Gastrodia elata in Hubei Province. wild Gastrodia elata is widely distributed, and its climate and soil quality are suitable for sexual cultivation. According to the local environmental conditions and practical experience, the author summarizes the key techniques of sexual planting of Gastrodia elata which are suitable for the local natural environment.

1. The quality and quantity of bacteria are the basis for ensuring the germination and growth of Gastrodia elata seeds.

(1) the seed germination rate of Gastrodia elata depends on the quality and quantity of seed germinating bacteria. 8104 seed germinating bacteria mixed with Gastrodia elata has high germination rate and fast germination rate. The results of the experiment showed that with germinating fungus leaves 0.5kg and 10 Gastrodia elata fruits per hole, the seeds of Gastrodia elata were sown on June 5 and checked on July 6. The results showed that the seeds of Gastrodia elata had germinated into protocorms, with an average of 7 protocorms per leaf stained with Gastrodia elata seeds, and about 15 in most. This proves that a sufficient amount of vigorous growth of germinating bacteria leaves can ensure the germination of a large number of Gastrodia elata seeds. In order to ensure the vitality of germinating bacteria, the use of strain algebra must be strictly controlled and rejuvenated continuously. The most effective way to maintain the stability of germinating bacteria is to sow the germinating bacteria in the field and then separate them from the protocorm of Gastrodia elata.

(2) the inoculation rate of Gastrodia elata protocorm and the yield of Gastrodia elata depend on the quantity and quality of Armillaria mellea. The author's practice has proved that the number of Armillaria mellea should be increased, the first method is to use a large number of tender branches, and the other is to propagate Armillaria mellea branches in advance. The tender branches of more than 4-5kg in each hole were chopped into short segments of the left and right oblique stubble of 8cm. 1-2 months before sowing, they were mixed with 2 bottles of Armillaria mellea to cover sand or sand to form branches. The use of fungus branches during sowing can produce bacteria quickly and have a high inoculation rate, so as to avoid the loss caused by the lack of Armillaria mellea. There are three keys to the quality of Armillaria mellea. First, the growth rate is fast, the second is the dense branches (1cm is about the branches), and the third is the robust growth. There are a large number of wild Armillaria mellea in the mountain area where wild Gastrodia elata is grown in our city, and the species is collected once a year (pure strains are isolated from the tissue), which can maintain the excellent species of Armillaria mellea. "Jing 234" is available for introduction, and the yield of mixed planting Gastrodia elata is high.

Second, strictly grasping the sowing season is another key to the success of sexual cultivation of Gastrodia elata.

The altitude of the suitable area of Gastrodia elata in our city varies from 300m-2000m. 300m-800m area finished sowing in early June, preferably in April, above 800m to 1200m by mid-June, from 1200m to 1500m before the end of June, and from 1500m to 2000m by early July. The success rate of timely sowing or sowing more than one month in advance can be increased to 100%, while if the sowing date is postponed by 10-20 days, the success rate may drop to 50% or even lower. We have learned a painful lesson in this respect. When the sowing time is too late, the main dangers are diseases and insect pests, and the other is the death of germinating bacteria caused by high temperature.

Third, the choice of cultivation environment is the third key to the success or failure of cultivation.

Indoor cultivation should choose basements, air-raid shelters and earthen houses with summer temperature less than 28 ℃ and good ventilation; outdoor cultivation should choose woodland or artificial shade sheds facing east and north rather than west, cool and humid climate; the soil is sandy soil, oil sandy soil and humus soil, of course, clear sand is the best.

IV. adopt sowing and management methods in accordance with local conditions

At present, the sexual planting areas of Gastrodia elata in China are mainly cultivated with sand, but most of the mountain areas of our city have soil without sand, so it is difficult to cultivate in the open field, especially in the woodland on the mountain, and the conventional methods are difficult to succeed. The author has developed a kind of cultivation technique imitating wild open field, which is suitable for cultivation in local mountain area. The characteristic of the soil quality in Hubei mountainous area is that oily sandy soil, muddy sandy soil and humus soil do not have the same yellow sand as in Hanzhong area. The place where wild Gastrodia elata grows is not sandy soil, but usually weathered soil and humus soil. This kind of soil has a high water content, which is usually more than 45%. It reaches about 70% after rain, the surface is easy to harden, and the air permeability is not as good as the yellow sand soil in Hanzhong. This is the most important feature of our soil ecology. Another characteristic is that our rainfall is slightly higher than that in Hanzhong producing area, and the soil is more resistant to soil moisture and drought, which is the main reason for the exuberant growth of wild Gastrodia elata. According to these characteristics, cultivation methods can not copy the advanced experience of others. The main points of sexual planting techniques of imitating wild Gastrodia elata studied by the author are as follows: 1. Single-layer planting, only one layer of Gastrodia elata seed to mix bacteria; 2. Armillaria mellea stick in the lower layer, Gastrodia elata all kinds of upper layer. Put bacterial sticks in the hole first, fill twigs between the rods, and then sprinkle them with Gastrodia elata seeds, and then sprinkle some Armillaria mellea branches on the surface. 3. The sowing is shallow and the soil is shallow. Because of the large water content and poor air permeability of the local soil, it is not suitable to sow the thick cover deeply, the bacterial stick is basically placed on the surface, the hole is filled with fine soil plus leaves or humus soil, the cover soil does not exceed 10cm, and the cover soil is divided into two stages, the cover soil is added with leaf 7cm when sowing, and the soil is added to preserve soil moisture and prevent high temperature after seed germination (about 30-45 days). 4. Measures should be taken to protect rain according to local conditions. The greatest danger of cultivation in the mountains is rainstorm caves. In addition to the use of terrain drainage and flood control, the surface of the cave is covered with leaves. It is covered with the following rain shelter: mountain grass handle, covered in the shape of a hat to protect the rain; wheat chaff, covered with a layer of rain; bundles of wheat straw or straw, covered in cones; branches and leaves covered in bundles. Can achieve the purpose of shelter from rain and heat preservation without affecting air permeability. However, it should be noted that only covering the sowing layer, leaving water gaps around, a small amount of Rain Water infiltrated from around, can keep the hole moist, while the excess water infiltrated into the bacterial stick and humus soil layer, can not soak into the mixed layer. Gastrodia elata can be planted well without sand because of the relationship between air permeability, diuresis, water prevention, moisture conservation, heat preservation and so on. This technique is suitable for popularizing and planting in mountain areas.