Technical Model of Field-simulated Wild and efficient cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

Under the premise of the same mushroom yield, the field imitation wild cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus can reduce the investment in production facilities and labor intensity, facilitate operation and management, produce fresh mushrooms with wild mushroom flavor and improve the commercial value of Pleurotus ostreatus. The model is practical, easy to operate, suitable for large-scale and industrial production, and has high popularizing value.

Pleurotus ostreatus occupies a major position in the production of edible fungi in our province because of its advantages such as high yield, strong adaptability and large consumption. However, the use of houses, greenhouses, caves and other facilities to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus has been plagued by a variety of diseases and insect pests for many years, and the production efficiency is low and unstable. In order to avoid the problems of diseases and insect pests caused by protected cultivation, further reduce the production cost, and meet the market demand for "wild edible fungi", we designed and studied the field imitation wild and efficient cultivation technique model of Pleurotus ostreatus.

1 key points of cultivation techniques

1.1 the temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in spring is 5 ℃ 20 m in spring, and wide temperature strains such as Florida, Heiping 119, Han 3 and Nongke 6 were selected to build a border with a length of 20 m, a width of 0.4 m and a depth of 0.2 m in the cultivation site (with an area of 200 mi 600 square meters), leaving a 0.6-1 m operating path between the borders, and a large operating path 4 m wide was set up between every 6 borders for vehicles to enter and leave. A shade shed will be built in a space of 2.5 m above the cultivation site.

Direct seeding cultivation or column cultivation in the first ten days of February. Direct seeding cultivation: mix 80% of the strain dosage with the base material, spread the material, and sow the remaining 20% of the bacteria on the material table. Bacteria column cultivation: bagging and sending bacteria before the Spring Festival, take off the bag and enter the bed in early February. The soil cover of the border is about 2cm, and the soil covering material should be prepared in advance. Humus treatment soil, base material mixed soil, peat soil and so on can be used. After covering the soil, it is managed by conventional film mulching, irrigation, spraying and so on.

There is a row of spray branch pipes every 4m on the shade shed, the device is a metal water pipe, a group of spray heads are installed in an "eight" shape, and each group of spray heads is 4m apart. Each branch pipe is directly connected with the main pipe, and an electric water pump is installed at the water source. The specific specifications and types of water pumps, pipe specifications and branch pipe spacing can be flexibly set according to the production scale and actual conditions. The maximum air relative humidity under the scaffolding is 80%, the upper wind and its periphery is 70%, and the downwind and central area is about 85%, which is about 10% lower than that of facility cultivation, in order to improve the wild taste of the fruiting body.

1.2 the temperature of cultivated mushroom in summer is about 35 ℃, and it is suitable to choose Florida, 831 and so on. The conditions of the venue and shade shed facilities are basically the same as above. The main difference is that a layer of plastic film is added to the roof of the shade to prevent Rain Water from often falling and polluting the mushroom body, and the surface of the plastic film is covered with a sunshade net to prevent heating up.

1.3 the temperature of mushroom cultivated in autumn is generally below 25 ℃ in early autumn, so the strain of medium and wide temperature should be selected. Other cultivation management is the same as summer cultivation.

2 the adaptability of technology

This model is suitable for large-scale cultivation and makes the production of Pleurotus ostreatus from decentralized to relatively concentrated. The larger the scale, the lower the cost of production management. Adapting to the temperature, it was cultivated under the condition of 5 Mel 36 ℃. The requirements for land conditions are not strict, barren hills and wild slopes are acceptable.

Due to the influence of natural temperature, this model is not suitable for mushroom production in winter in Jiangbei area. In the northeast and other alpine regions, the temperature above 15 ℃ is relatively short, so it can not be cultivated for 3 seasons, so it can only be cultivated for 2 seasons. The moisture content of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in this model is low, so it is suitable for dehydration and drying processing. When it is used for fresh sale in the market, it should be properly watered and moisturized after harvest to increase the appearance freshness of commercial mushrooms.

3Technical characteristics and production advantages

Technical features ① has changed the concept that Pleurotus ostreatus must be cultivated in houses and greenhouses, and the cost of production facilities has been reduced by about 55%. Ordinary mid-range greenhouse needs to invest about 20 yuan per 1 square meter, and a 200-square-meter greenhouse needs at least 4000 yuan. The main investments of this model are pillars, poles and sprinkler pipes, with an investment of about 5500 yuan per 667square meters, with an average investment of about 8 yuan per square meter. ② effectively improves the land use rate and meets the requirements of intensive production. ③ plane operation is convenient for management, reduces labor intensity, improves production efficiency, and meets the requirements of industrial production. ④ waste is turned into the ground on the spot to make full use of organic resources and improve soil fertility. ⑤ increased the commercial value of finished mushrooms.

3.2 the production advantage ① has no harm of poor ventilation and avoids carbon dioxide poisoning in the fruiting body, and the air humidity is suitable, which solves the contradiction between ventilation and moisturizing. ② diseases were significantly reduced, especially the bacterial diseases easily caused by unfavorable ventilation, heat preservation and moisturizing measures, as well as competitive miscellaneous bacteria such as green mold, which eliminated the factors and conditions of their occurrence and fundamentally ensured the smooth progress of production. ③ is more labor-saving than protected cultivation management, and the technology is easy to master. Suitable for industrialization and large-scale production. ④ significantly reduced the use of fungicides, so that fresh mushroom products to the greatest extent to ensure the inherent quality of pollution-free or green food, Pleurotus ostreatus fruit body taste significantly improved.