High-yield techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in coarse sawdust fermentation material bag

At present, with the development of edible fungi industry, the demand for raw materials is also increasing. In recent years, the price of fine sawdust in the three northeastern provinces has soared, but coarse sawdust has become waste (such as coarse sawdust leaked from electric screens on chipper and coarse sawdust crushed by branch grinder). The author uses the local rich coarse sawdust as the main material of fermentation to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus, which is summarized as follows:

1. The strain Pleurotus ostreatus 2026 was introduced from Shijiazhuang High-tech Edible Fungi Station. The original seed is corn kernel medium, corn kernel 99%, gypsum 1%. soak or boiling corn grain, mixing with gypsum, filling into glucose bottle, sterilizing at high pressure or normal pressure, culturing at 25 deg. C for 14d after inoculation, and filling that bottle.

2. Cultivation seed formula: a. sawdust 75%, rice chaff 13%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, soybean flour 1%;b. miscellaneous sawdust 78%, corn flour 20%, gypsum, lime 1% each. Water 60%. 17cm×33cm× 0.04 cm polyethylene bags were used, each bag containing 1.1 kg of bacteria, sealed and packed into iron baskets, sterilized under normal pressure, taken out and cooled to 25℃ for inoculation under aseptic conditions, and then fermented when the coarse sawdust grew to half of its height.

3. The formula of mixed materials for building compost is as follows: a. 70% of coarse sawdust, 14% of rice chaff, 10% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean flour, 1% of gypsum and 2% of quicklime;b. 68% of coarse sawdust, 10% of rice chaff, 15% of corn flour, 4% of soybean flour, 1% of gypsum and 2% of quicklime;c. 65% of coarse sawdust, 20% of rice chaff, 10% of corn flour, 2% of soybean flour, 1% of gypsum and 2% of quicklime. Firstly, the coarse material and the fine material are mixed evenly, the soybean powder is dissolved in water and evenly sprinkled on the material and stirred evenly, the appropriate amount of water is 60%-65%, the pH value is 6 - 8, the mixed raw materials are made into a bottom width of 150 - 250cm, a height of 80cm, the length is not limited, the inclination around the material pile is not too large, and a round stick with a diameter of 5cm is used for stacking, and vent holes are punched, the hole spacing is 20cm, and the hole depth reaches the bottom of the material. Stack built in the spare room, then close the doors and windows, pile built outdoors to cover the straw curtain to maintain the humidity of the pile. Such as high temperature season, after building the pile, spray dichlorvos or 500~800 times of high efficiency cypermethrin on the material surface, spray on the material surface, such as mixing with hot water in winter, heating up quickly and fermentation time is short. After building the pile, check the temperature frequently, generally 48h, when the depth of the pile reaches 60℃, maintain it for about 24h, start the first pile turnover, and open the doors and windows when turning the pile. After restacking, spray 0.5% dichlorvos or phoxim on the material surface to kill insects, then punch vent holes, close doors and windows, and when the material temperature reaches 60℃ again, maintain it for 24~48h for the second time. After re-stacking, the fermentation can be completed by keeping the material temperature at about 60℃ for 3~ 4 days. Open the material pile, visible material into brown powder with flour white, fresh fragrance, soft feel, non-sticky hands, can be used for cultivation.

4 Bag inoculation If the fermented material has little moisture, add water, the best moisture content is 58%~63%, use 50cm×25cm× 0.02 cm polyethylene cylinder material to roll three rows of microholes through sewing machine, first install one end, put in the strain and tie it with rope. Then, a layer of bacteria and a layer of material, a total of 4 layers of material, 5 layers of bacteria, filled after tightening the bag, seed consumption of 12%~15%. The bacteria chamber shall be stacked 5 layers in a well shape, and 4~5 layers in a low temperature season. During the growth period, the temperature is 20~25℃, the relative humidity of the air is 50%~65%, the light is darker, the bag should be turned over and the ventilation management should be strengthened during the growth period. After 15~20 days, the hyphae are full of bags and enter the fruiting management.

5. Fungi bags with good mushroom management should be placed 6~7 layers high, and 3~4 layers in high temperature season are the best. At this time, the temperature difference is greatly increased, and after about 1 week, mushroom buds appear. The bag can be opened for mushroom production management, and the bag opening time should be well controlled. If the material surface is easy to dry too early, the mushroom bud will die, and if it is too late, the quality of the mushroom will be affected. After opening the bag, ventilation should be strengthened, and the temperature should be controlled at 15~22℃, and the humidity should be 85%~95%. Pay attention to spray water can not spray water on the mushroom bud, after 4~ 6 days, the first tide mushroom can be picked and listed. After drying for 3 days after harvest, normal management can produce 3~4 tide mushrooms, and nutrient solution should be supplemented once in time. The formula for replenishing water: urea 50g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g, magnesium sulfate 10g, water 50kg. Dissolve the fertilizer water in a large bucket, install a water outlet pipe under the bucket and connect it to the water pump. The outlet pipe of the water pump is connected with the water separator, and 3 to 4 small pipes separated from the water separator are connected with plastic pipes and connected with the valve of the sprayer. Then, 25~28 holes were made on the hollow rod of 25cm sprayer, and the optimum amount of nutrient solution was 700~900g per bag. According to conventional management, the biological efficiency could reach 180%~200%, thus achieving high yield and high yield.