How to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in greenhouse

Pleurotus ostreatus has the advantages of fast growth, strong stress resistance, a wide range of culture materials, convenient cultivation and management, and can be cultivated in four seasons. The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly in greenhouse in our province. The author has sorted out the cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus in greenhouse, which can be used as a reference for farmers.

I. Variety selection

Mid-temperature varieties should be used in early spring, medium-and high-temperature varieties in late spring and early summer, and high-temperature varieties in summer and autumn.

II. Production season

The original seeds were produced from November to December and from January to February for the middle temperature type, and from March to April and from April to May for the high temperature type.

Selection, formulation and treatment of culture materials

The main contents are as follows: 1. The selection of culture materials should be based on local materials. Cottonseed hull, corncob, cotton stalk powder, bean stalk powder, sawdust (broad-leaved tree), rice straw and wheat straw can be used, among which cottonseed hull is the best. Before use, it should be exposed to the sun for 2 days. Those that are moldy and deteriorate should not be used.

2. The formulations of culture materials are commonly used in production at present:

The formula of rice straw culture material: ① rice straw 50%, cottonseed hull 30%, wheat bran 17%, sucrose 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder 1%; ② rice straw 76%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, calcium superphosphate 2%, gypsum powder 1%; ③ rice straw 74%, corn meal 25%, gypsum powder 1%, carbendazim 0.1%.

Cottonseed shell formula: ① cottonseed hull 98%, gypsum powder 2%, carbendazim 0.1 Mel 0.15%; ② cottonseed hull 85%, wheat bran 12%, sucrose 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder 1%; ③ cottonseed hull 93%, calcium superphosphate 2%, rapeseed cake 3%, gypsum powder 2%, lime water 0.5%.

3. Whether the method of culture material treatment is correct or not is related to the existence of miscellaneous bacteria and the yield. At present, the treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus culture materials can be divided into the following ways:

(1) Drug treatment: 0.2% carbendazim was used in large-scale production, and drugs were mainly used to inhibit the germination and growth of miscellaneous bacterial spores, but in the high temperature season, it was easy to reduce the inhibitory effect of carbendazim, and it was often still polluted, even serious.

(2) High temperature treatment: steaming for 10 ℃ for 12 hours and stuffy for 12 hours after cease-fire, but there are some problems such as long sterilization time, high energy consumption and high cost. If the sterilization is not complete, it will also cause pollution.

(3) stacking fermentation treatment: doing well the stacking fermentation of culture materials is an effective measure to prevent the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria. If the culture material is stacked and fermented and sterilized at high temperature for 3 hours, the effect is better.

IV. Loading and sowing

The main results are as follows: 1. Bacterial bed cultivation is mostly used for raw material cultivation. The treated culture material was laid flat on the bacterial bed with a thickness of about 12 cm. Sow seeds with layer sowing method or character-shaped hole sowing method with a hole distance of 10 cm. Finally, sprinkle a layer of bacteria cover on the surface of the culture material, flatten it, cover it with a thin film, and compact around it.

2. The mushroom brick is made of rectangular wood mold with a specification of 90 × 50 × 12 (cm). When making, first lay the film in the mold, put the culture material into, press flat, sow the bacteria, use the seed amount of 10 murine 15% of the dry material weight, take off the wood mold after compaction, and wrap the fungus brick strictly with a thin mold.

3. Plastic bag cultivation is better with openings at both ends of the plastic bag. The size of plastic bag produced with clinker is related to the type of culture material, the specification of rice straw is 42 × 22.5 × 0.5 (cm) and that of cottonseed shell is 49 × 15 × 0.5 (cm). High temperature sterilization with polypropylene plastic bags, room temperature sterilization with polyethylene film is more economical.

V. Management

1. Pay attention to the change of material temperature during the germicidal stage, and keep it below 30 ℃. If the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, strengthen ventilation and cool down. At the same time, shake the film covered on the bacterial bed or bacterial brick, or turn the bacterial bag to cool down.

2. After the emergence of Pleurotus ostreatus, attention should be paid to the management of ventilation and humidification. The bacterial bed and the bacterial brick should remove the covered film, open both ends of the bacterial bag, and increase the humidity at the same time, keeping the relative humidity between 85% and 90%.

VI. Harvest

Pleurotus ostreatus should be harvested in time after ripening. The harvest standard is: the mushroom cover is fully expanded, the color changes from dark to light, and the spores have not yet been radiated, then it can be harvested.