Cultivation techniques and Propagation methods of Lily

Lily as an important precious fresh cut flower here focuses on its cultivation techniques and propagation methods:

1. Cultivation techniques:

The main results are as follows: (1) the choice of planting site: the planting land should choose the soil with high terrain, good drainage, loose soil, rich in humus and deep and loose soil layer. Most species prefer slightly acidic soil. Avoid continuous cropping.

(2) soil treatment: because the cultivation of lilies does not cover a large area like field crops, local soil exchange can be used to improve the soil environment. First, dig out the original soil on the row that is going to plant lilies, mix with the soil in a certain proportion with media such as rotten leaf soil, peat, fermented sawdust, vermiculite and perlite and fill it into the ditch of planting lilies. Or plant lily after mixing the above-mentioned substances in the ratio of 1 beat 3 to 1 jump 2 with the general soil, which is also a very ideal soil medium. It can also be made of single brick with a height of 30 cm. Conditional high planting beds can be built, that is, building materials such as cement boards and bricks are 50-80 cm higher than the ground, and trough planting beds are built, with built-in artificial nutrition matrix, which is conducive to drainage, ventilation and ventilation, and is convenient for soil disinfection. it also cuts off the connection with the ground soil and reduces the chance of underground bacteria infection. However, the cost of such facilities is high, and growers should act according to their capacity. After the substrate is put into the planting bed, the pH value of sulfur powder or lime is between 5.5 and 6.5. or the pH value is adjusted according to the requirements of different lilies, and the soil depth is 40 cm. Lily is sensitive to salt, high salt content will hinder the growth, the total salt content should not be too high, if you apply too much salt organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, it is easy to exceed the limit. Therefore, soil analysis should be carried out at least 6 weeks before planting and flushing should be carried out if the salt content is too high. The soil should be free from diseases and insect pests and can be sterilized with steam or dimethazon, phoxim and insecticides.

(3) planting: the soil should be fully watered 3 days before planting, which is beneficial to the roots of lilies. If the soil temperature is high, it is better to pour cold water. Planting time is spring planting or autumn planting. Hot lilies should be considered to avoid the hot summer, cold lilies can not winter in the cold open field, plastic sheds or greenhouses should be built for protected cultivation. When planting, open a 15 cm deep trench on the bed, perpendicular to the long direction of the bed. Or digging holes according to the row spacing after opening the net. Soak the seed balls with carbendazim and other fungicides in 500-800 times solution for half an hour and then dry and plant. The plant row spacing varies according to variety and bulb size, generally 15 cm × 15 cm or 15 cm × 20 cm, the depth is based on the bottom of the ditch, the soil is covered with 8-10 cm after planting, and finally irrigated. After the water falls, cover the soil with pine needles, straw, fir leaves or peat to keep warm and moisturizing, and remove the cover after budding. In foreign countries, in order to save labor, sowing machines are commonly used to sow seeds.

(4) fertilization: no fertilizer was applied 3-4 weeks after lily planting, and topdressing should be applied in time after bulb sprouting, adding 1000 grams of calcium nitrate to every 10 square meters of soil. If there is slight yellowing in the later stage of planting, it is caused by nitrogen deficiency, 1000 grams of urea or ammonium nitrate can be applied every 100m2. Lily needs a variety of nutrients, while most chemical fertilizers contain only one fertilizer element. In order to meet the growth needs of lily, several chemical fertilizers are often needed. Compound fertilizer with N:P:K of 5:10:5 is available, with 30 grams per square meter. During the growth period, 15 grams of ammonium sulfate, 45 grams of calcium superphosphate and 15 grams of potassium sulfate per square meter can be applied to water. Or using potassium nitrate 3000 g + potassium sulfate 1000 g + calcium superphosphate 5000 g to dissolve and dilute 1000 times, plus 30 g ferric citrate + 10 g boric acid + 5 g sulfate + 0.5g copper sulfate + 0.5g zinc sulfate + 0.5g ammonium molybdate 1000 times as topdressing for lily. Foliar fertilizer spraying can also be carried out if necessary.

(5) watering: watering is very important for lily cultivation. Before planting, it should be watered first, and after planting, it should be determined by the full stage. Lily is a shallow root plant, which is highly dependent on water, so it is best to have a sprinkler irrigation control system. Flood irrigation hardens the topsoil and makes the plant anoxic and yellowing.

(6) ventilation: ventilation is important to adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed. In Yunnan, the temperature in the greenhouse can reach 45 ℃, which is disadvantageous to the growth of lilies and must be ventilated. The fan can be used to make the air convection and open the plastic shed film by way of ventilation, generally the greenhouse with windows on the roof has a good cooling effect. However, when cooling, the air humidity should not drop too fast, otherwise leaf burning is easy to occur. For example, it is most ideal to cultivate lilies in computer-controlled greenhouse.

(7) shading: during the period from March to October with strong light, the conversion of light energy into heat energy increases the temperature, or the direct strong light is disadvantageous to the growth of lilies, resulting in a decline in the quality of cut flowers. 50% shading net can be used to reduce the light. However, the sunshade net should be removed in autumn and winter to prevent the bud from falling due to lack of light.

(8) heating: there should also be heating equipment for cultivating lilies in cold winter areas, so that cold-resistant lilies will not be harmed by low temperature in the cold season. Electrothermal heating is effective and hygienic, but the cost is high. Greenhouse cultivation in solar greenhouse in the north can also produce good results.

(9) setting up pillars: some lily varieties have poor upright, which can be set up to prevent the bending of the stem and reduce the quality. Bamboo and wood can be supported, or steel bar and nylon net can be used. It should be tightened when using the net.

(10) the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests, such as virus disease, leaf blight, gray mold, root rot, anthrax, stem rot, epidemic disease, cotton aphid and root mites, should be strengthened.

2, propagation methods: first, seed propagation, which is generally used in cross breeding; second, bulb reproduction, carefully picking the small bulbs on the underground or near-ground stem nodes of lilies, and planting them separately to become new plants; third, pearl tooth propagation, some varieties of leaf axils can grow and mature, which can be collected for propagation; fourth, stem segments and leaves are propagated by cuttings. The fifth is scale cutting propagation, spring and autumn with robust, hypertrophic and disease-free scales, soaking 20-30 minutes with carbendazim, dried in the shade and Liu treatment, inserted in coarse sand, perlite or granular peat, in 15-201 ℃ conditions, monthly production of root balls in the wound, broken cultivation can be an independent plant; sixth, natural division of the bulb propagation; seventh, bulb center propagation; eighth is tissue culture propagation. The quality of bulbs for seed use is very important and is generally produced by specialized enterprises.