Zaofeng and efficient cultivation techniques of Xuehua Pear

The courtyard pear orchard of qu Congress in Pingerfang Village, Guantun Town, Dashiqiao City, is a typical example of dense planting Zaofeng in the city. The garden was built in 1992, covering an area of 800m2. 133plants of Xuehua pear were planted with row spacing of 2mx4m. After 4 years, the price of basic 400kg is 2.80yuan / kg, the price of 2100kg in 1996 is 2.60yuan / kg, the price of 2100kg in 1997 is 4000kg / kg, and that of 1998 is 6100kg / kg 2.4o yuan, the annual income is 14600 yuan, the highest yield is more than 15Okg. He won the third prize in the excellent fruit selection of Liaoning Province in 1998.

The main technical measures are as follows.

1. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water

60cm was deeply turned over all over the country before planting, and barnyard manure 80kg was applied to each plant. From the year of planting to the third year, 0.2kg, a special fertilizer for fruit trees, was applied to each tree in June every year, and urea (0.3%) was sprayed on the leaves of the orchard for 4 times. Irrigate twice. Due to adequate nutrition, the crown is rapidly expanding, robust and neat, with a 4-year-old 666.7 square meters of branches and buds of about 10, 000, laying a solid foundation for preterm birth and early harvest.

Since the results of the fourth year, fertilization was carried out in early autumn every year, mainly chicken manure or pig manure, with a dosage of more than 10,000 kg; 0.75kg of special fertilizer for fruit trees was applied before flowering and in the first ten days of June; combined with orchard spraying, urea was sprayed 4 times in the early stage and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5%) was sprayed 4 times in the later stage.

On the basis of ensuring pre-flowering water and frozen water, the drought changed and irrigated for 3 times for 4 times.

2. Reasonable shaping and pruning

In the year of planting, the basic three main branches were basically formed, and the improved spindle shaping was carried out from the second year, that is, the basic three main branches were still retained, and there were about 20 main branches of the whole tree. On the basis of winter pruning, the pruning of the growing season should be strengthened, mainly by pulling branches, opening corners, twisting tips and picking hearts. In general, when the branches are pulled in August, the three main branches at the base will open to 80 °85 °, and the other main branches will open to 90 °. Erect branches look at the size of the space around them, and pick their hearts (large space) or twist their tips (small space) when they grow 30cm. The control of ultra-long branches is less than 5%, and medium and short branches account for more than 85%, which not only solves the lighting problem.

It also increased the accumulation of nutrition and created favorable conditions for flower bud differentiation. The garden has never been ringed or sprayed with paclobutrazol (pp333).

3. Strict sparse flowers and fruits

Sparse flowers every year at the budding stage of pear flowers, leaving a strong inflorescence per 23-26cm. The central fruit is left after fruit setting, and the rest are all removed, with 50 leaves per fruit, so that the amount of single fruit is more than 500g, and the rate of special fruit is up to 90%.

4. Timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Adhere to the principle of "giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with prevention" to treat the early and the small. In order to control pear scab, spray 200-fold Bordeaux liquid from May to pre-harvest, 800-fold solution of methyl thiophanate, 800-fold solution of Fuxing 800-fold fungicide 7-color 8 times, and spray insecticide 3 times 4 times to control yellow aphid, pear planthopper, heart-eating insect and so on. Over the past few years, the foliage of the garden is 100% intact, basically disease-free, insect-free, and 98% of high-quality fruit.