High-quality and medium-ripe pear-Huangjin pear and its cultivation

Huangjin pear is one of the main varieties of Korean pear, which was introduced into China in 1997. It was bred by crossing with Niigata in the 20th century. The fruit of this variety is oblate, weighing more than 350 grams per fruit, the largest fruit weighing 500 grams; the pericarp is yellow-green when mature, and turns golden yellow after a little storage. The pericarp is very clean (golden yellow when bagging fruit is mature, transparent), the fruit point is large and thin, the flesh is slightly soft and juicy, the flesh is white, the stone cell is very few, the edible rate reaches 95%, and the sugar content can reach 14.70 degrees. Monosodium glutamate is sweet and has aroma, unique flavor and excellent quality. The fruit ripens in the middle of September in Jinan area. The flavor remained unchanged after 2 months cold storage. This variety is very popular in Southeast Asian market, selling price is very high, is a very promising mid-maturing varieties. The variety bears fruit early and has good high yield, mainly short fruit branches and axillary flower buds. The young trees bear fruit in 2 years and yield in 3 - 4 years. The highest yield per plant in the second year of the modified tree can reach 60 kg.

Planting Garden This variety has strong adaptability, barren resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance. It grows well in mountainous hills and plain cultivation. It is suitable for cultivation everywhere. Before planting, deep ploughing and soil improvement and application of high-quality soil fertilizer shall be carried out, and then planting ditch shall be dug to prepare planting; seedlings shall be selected with high quality seedlings, and the plant spacing shall be 2 m ×3 m ~4 m; planting time shall be spring or autumn, but spring planting is better. In order to ensure high quality and high yield, it should be pollinated with new high yield pear, high yield pear and other varieties. Pollinated trees can be arranged according to 6~8:1.

Fertilizer and water management Golden pear garden should pay attention to fertility, autumn combined with deep ploughing and soil application base fertilizer, base fertilizer should be applied early, generally before the end of October, 3000 - 4000 kg of soil fertilizer per mu; topdressing is generally carried out 3 - 4 times a year, the periods are: before germination, after flowering and fruit expansion period, the fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and compound fertilizer in the late stage; Combined with spraying, topdressing was carried out outside roots, nitrogen fertilizer in early stage, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in middle stage, potassium fertilizer before fruit harvest, and appropriate nitrogen supplement after harvest. Irrigation should be carried out before flowering, after flowering and fruit expansion stage, combined with fertilization and irrigation, and attention should be paid to waterlogging prevention and water control before harvest.

Flower and Fruit Management The flower and fruit management measures of Huangjin pear mainly include flower and fruit thinning and bagging. Thinning flowers and fruits should be carried out from the inflorescence separation period to the early flowering period, generally leaving one inflorescence every 20 - 25 cm, and all the rest of the inflorescences; thinning fruit begins one week after the flower is withered, and is completed within one month. More prosperous trees are left, and less weak trees are left; bagging cultivation is basically the same as apples, but the fruit does not have to be removed before harvest, and the paper bag can be harvested together with the fruit.

The tree shape of Huangjin pear should be improved hammer type, and the young trees should be gently cut and slowly released, paying attention to the combination of summer and winter shear;1 - 3 years old trees should leave more nursing branches as much as possible, and the characteristics of picking in summer are to promote flowering by means of continuous picking of strong and vigorous new shoots; attention should be paid to selecting and keeping branches during pruning.

Pest control Huangjin pear is more resistant to diseases and insect pests, the main diseases and insect pests include pear scab, red star disease, pear psyllid, etc. The principle of prevention first and comprehensive control should be adhered to. On the basis of strengthening management and improving tree disease resistance, biological and low-residue pesticides should be sprayed for control: (1) 5 Baume degree stone sulfur mixture should be sprayed before germination;(2) 2.50% Baode EC should be sprayed before flower bud germination;(3) Spray 200 times of Bordeaux mixture in young fruit stage, and spray carbendazim and other pesticides after the first and middle of June.