Characteristics of garlic
Garlic is an herb of the family Liliaceae. The root is string-like whisker root, no main root, white, the distribution range of root group is small, the absorptive capacity is not strong. Leaf blade banded, green palladium, leaf sheath cylindric, multi-layer wrapped to form pseudostem, base white or purple, inner layer white. As the number of leaves increases, the pseudostem thickens into spicy green garlic (garlic seedlings).
After the stage of low temperature in winter, garlic shoots can be drawn from the base of the rhizome, that is, flowering, most varieties do not blossom and seed, but only form many small bulbs on the inflorescence, called aerial bulbs, or garlic beads, which can be used for reproduction. Around the base of garlic bolts, there are 717 or more bulb petals (garlic cloves), which are closely arranged together to form garlic balls. The size of garlic bulbs depends on the number and size of garlic cloves. Varieties for the purpose of producing garlic bulbs need not only good and adaptable varieties to obtain thick and tender garlic bolts and fat bad bulbs, but also to create good environmental conditions and scientific cultivation and management techniques suitable for the growth and development of garlic.
Garlic requires a cool climate, cold-resistant and heat-resistant, can withstand a low temperature of about-10 ℃, growth is blocked over 26 ℃, yellow leaves wither over 30 ℃, and the suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃. The bulb expansion period requires sunny weather of 20-25 ℃. Overcast and rainy and wet will make the garlic cloves loose and unable to form garlic balls. Its root system is short and shallow, and its adaptability to soil is very strong, but the sandy loam with lots of organic matter and rich and loose is the most suitable for its growth, and the optimum pH value of soil is 5.5-6.1.
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Fertilizer requirement characteristics of garlic
The root system of garlic is string fleshy fibrous root, which is mainly distributed in 20-25 cm plough layer and belongs to shallow root vegetable. It is sensitive to fertilizer and water, and has the distinct characteristics of like fertilizer and resistant to fertilizer. The root hairs of garlic are very few and thin, and the root has poor fertilizer absorption ability. The nutrients needed for garlic sprouting are provided by the seed petal, and with the growth of the seedlings, the nutrients stored in the seed petal are gradually exhausted, commonly known as "mother". At this time, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied to ensure the growth of seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. The growth after quitting mother depends entirely on the supply of soil nutrients. Scale buds and flower buds of garlic
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Harvest and storage of garlic
The harvest time of garlic should be determined according to the maturity. Harvest too early, garlic tissue is not substantial, high water content, easy to dry, not resistant to storage, low yield; too late harvest, garlic skin blackened, easy to loose, poor merchandise. Our experience of garlic farmers: when most of the garlic leaves are dry, the upper leaves slowly droop from fading to leaf tip drying, the plant is in a soft state, and the stem is not easy to break when the harvest is suitable. After the garlic is harvested, it is dried on the spot and often turned in the sun. When turning the sun, you should put the garlic leaves in the back row on the garlic head in the front row, and arrange them in turn, drying only the leaves, not the head, and drying.
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