Cultivation techniques of second crop (double cropping) of garlic

First, what is the second crop of garlic. The so-called second crop (double season) garlic is to plant one season of early green garlic and one season of plastic film garlic (also known as garlic, bolting, garlic) in the year.

The benefits of second and second crops of garlic

1. It can effectively improve the land utilization rate and realize the planting system of "three kinds of three harvests" or "four kinds of four harvests" in a year, that is, "corn → green garlic → harvesting garlic" or "corn → watermelon or wax gourd → green garlic → harvesting". 4-5 days before Qingming Festival every year, 2 rows of corn are planted on the edge of garlic (it is best to plant waxy fresh corn), and the corn stalk is reserved for covering garlic; interplanting early watermelon or wax gourd (watermelon or wax gourd seedling transplanting method is implemented) in the big row of garlic (harvesting garlic), harvesting garlic in batches when watermelon or wax gourd is growing; planting green garlic around the middle of July and going on the market from the end of September to early October; planting plastic film to harvest garlic in mid-late October.

2. The income of the second crop of garlic increased obviously. According to a survey of growers in Yuhua Town, Dafeng City, the output value per mu of second-crop garlic is 3800-4400 yuan, which is 52-46.6% and 111.1% higher than 2500-3000 yuan and 1800 yuan per season respectively, and the net income per mu is 2300-2900 yuan. Compared with 1500-2000 yuan and 1300 yuan per season, the income increased by 53.3-45% and 76.9% respectively.

Key points of cultivation techniques of third and second stubble garlic

1. The varieties with high quality and high yield and strong spring sex should be selected. "Ershuizao" is generally selected as the leading variety of green garlic in Dafeng area.

2. Do a good job in seed treatment and strive to sow early. This is the key technology for the success or failure of early green garlic cultivation. Garlic farmers in Yuhua generally use the method of refrigerated garlic to deal with garlic seeds. Peel the garlic into cloves, put it into a constant temperature storage 10-15 days before sowing, store it at about 0 ℃ for 10-15 days (the longest is not more than 20 days), break the dormancy period of garlic. The cold treatment time of different kinds of garlic is different, which must be mastered in production. If the time is too short, it can not break the dormancy of garlic; if the time is too long, the growth of garlic is accelerated after emergence, the vegetative growth is inhibited, which is not conducive to the high yield of green garlic. Green garlic should strive to sow early, it is generally appropriate to sow before and after "Greater Heat". If there is an empty stubble, you can advance the sowing to the middle of July.

3. Increase the sowing rate and density. The growth period of early green garlic is short, and the individual growth is small, so it is necessary to increase the amount of seed to increase the density. Generally, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the plant spacing is 1.5-3 cm, and 1.2-15000 cloves of garlic are sown per mu.

4. Harvest in time, sow and harvest garlic. The growing period of early green garlic is generally 70-80 days, and garlic can be put on the market at the end of September. However, the environmental conditions such as light and temperature in September and October are good, which is the big growing period of green garlic. As long as one day in the field, the yield is different. Therefore, garlic should be harvested according to the principle of "keeping the season and striving for benefit", but the harvest should be finished by October 25 at the latest.

Collecting garlic (plastic film garlic) is mainly collecting garlic bolts and heads. Because the sowing time of garlic is 15-30 days later than that of conventional cultivation, the bolting time of garlic is 7-10 days later. Therefore, late-maturing varieties should be selected. The main cultivation techniques for harvesting garlic are as follows: first, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer to promote growth. The "three fertilizers" should be applied at the same time, that is, 1000-1500 kg per mu of organic fertilizer (sheep, pig, poultry, human manure), about 50 kg of special compound fertilizer for garlic, and about 1500 kg of flour fertilizer (corn stalk and wheat straw) covered by the previous stubble should be used as base fertilizer; second, sowing at the right time and sowing at the right time. To achieve the previous early green garlic field, one piece of land preparation, sowing one piece, try to narrow the gap with conventional garlic sowing time, with special emphasis on the latest sowing date at the end of October; third, film mulching to increase temperature and strive for early seedlings. Generally, ultra-thin plastic film is covered after sowing and before seedling, with a dosage of 2-2.5 kg per mu, which can be directly broken by garlic sprouts without artificial film breaking. In warm winter years, the growth of garlic can be regulated by fertilizer and water. Fourth, attention should be paid to the application of re-green fertilizer and bolting fertilizer. Urea can be applied 12-15 kg per mu each time.

Several problems that should be paid attention to in the cultivation of the fourth and second crop garlic

One is to prevent the secondary growth of plastic film garlic (bifurcation). The cause of the secondary growth of garlic is that the accumulated temperature before winter is too high, so whether to cover the plastic film or not should be decided according to the weather forecast; the second is to control the disease of garlic. The common diseases of garlic are leaf blight and heart rot, and the crux of the problem is repeated cropping for many years. Therefore, the second crop garlic should be planted in new plots to avoid repeated cropping as far as possible.