Cultivation techniques of high yield and high quality of garlic covered with plastic film

Garlic is currently one of the main cultivated vegetables in Laixi region, with a cultivated area of more than 200000 mu over the years. In order to improve the economic income of local garlic farmers, we have carried out experimental research on high yield and high quality cultivation techniques of large area garlic mulching since 1998. The average yield of garlic mu in the demonstration park is 1000 kg per mu, the highest yield per mu is more than 1250 kg, and the garlic is green, tender, fat and white.

First, choose garlic species. Choose Laixi big six cloves or Cangshan garlic with high yield and white garlic head as garlic seed. In recent years, we selected Laixi big six cloves, plant height 80-100 cm, dark green leaves, strong growth potential and disease resistance, about 70 cm long garlic moss, tender color green, good noodles, 3.5-5.0 cm horizontal diameter, single head weight about 40 grams, good color white appearance, average 6-7 cloves per garlic, spicy taste. Good stickiness. Before sowing, select the garlic that accords with the characteristics of this product as seed, select the periphery garlic cloves without insect mouth, disease spot and full, and remove the small garlic cloves in the middle of the garlic head to facilitate consistent growth and easy management. generally, about 200 kilograms of garlic cloves are needed per mu.

Second, apply sufficient basic fertilizer and prepare the soil finely. Select the land with fertile soil, water and fertilizer conservation and irrigation conditions, carefully leveled to prevent uneven irrigation, evenly apply 2500 kg of rotten pig manure per mu, 75-100kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15% respectively, and then plough the land fine with rotary pears to make the soil loose and solid without light and dark.

Third, sowing at the right time and reasonable close planting. Garlic is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing in different areas, but the spring sowing yield is low and the quality is poor, so it is not suitable for autumn sowing. Autumn sowing is generally appropriate during the period from the Autumn Equinox to Cold Dew, with 5-6 leaves growing before winter, plant height 20cm, stem diameter 0.8cm. If sowing too late, the cold resistance of seedlings is poor, easy to cause freezing to death.

After ploughing the land, the sowing method is to use the farmhouse two-tooth hook or four-toothed garlic rake specially made according to the planting size row spacing, draw a shallow trench with a depth of 1 cm, sow the garlic cloves according to the plant spacing of 6 cm, insert the garlic cloves into 4 canisters, and the garlic cloves are exposed without lodging. When the planting is finished, the garlic is covered with soil in rows and borders, covering about 1.5 cm. Then irrigate through the furrow between the border and the border, after the surface is slightly dry for 5-7 days, flatten the garlic ridge with an iron rake, gently pull the garlic cloves to prevent pulling out the garlic cloves, and carefully spray 50% Acetochlor EC on the border surface after leveling, and finally cover the plastic film. The plastic film covers the upper border ditch into the plastic film, and then irrigates water from the upper border ditch and inter-border ditch at the same time. This planting method is not only uniform irrigation, loose soil is not hardened, is conducive to the consistent growth of garlic, garlic moss mature early, high yield, and easy to harvest garlic, not easy to break seedlings, improve the grade of garlic.

Fourth, field management. The method is to break the membrane and release the seedlings in time after garlic germinates. Every morning, when the bud tip is just exposed to the ground and the cotyledons are not unfolded, gently pat or sweep the plastic film with a small broom used by the farmhouse or a small mop made by yourself with corn husk. The tip of the tooth will break the membrane. The seedling should be released continuously every morning for 5-6 days. If there is still a small part of the seedling pressed in the film, gently pick out the seedling with a small wire hook. Make each garlic seedling grow normally. If there is no rain for a long time after sowing, water can be watered once 30 days after emergence. There are few garlic seedlings in early winter, and it is often windy. If the wind uncovers the film, it must be re-covered in time. After the Beginning of Winter, look at the weather and soil moisture, water once overwintering. Garlic needs extremely high moisture, and adequate watering is very important. generally, garlic moss should be watered 4-5 times before harvest, and water should be stopped 4-6 days before harvest, so that garlic moss can be harvested and irrigated in time after harvest. 0.3% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 500 times photosynthetic micro-fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface, so as to improve the photosynthetic function of leaves and promote the expansion and weight gain of garlic.

Fifth, disease and pest control. Garlic has few diseases and insect pests, but it is easy to be harmed by ground maggots when 70-80% of garlic seedlings are unearthed and rotten garlic mother in spring, especially in spring, which often causes plant root rot. The leaves are yellow and wilting, and even die in pieces. Because garlic maggots tend to rot, fully mature fertilizers should be applied, and raw dung or slightly rotten garlic cloves should not be used. Before rotting garlic mother in spring, the roots of garlic should be poured with 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution or 80% dichlorvos 800 times solution or 40% methyl isophosphates 600 times solution to kill larvae. After that, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 64% antidote alum 500 times solution was selected to control garlic leaf blight.

Sixth, harvest at the right time. The time of collecting moss has a great influence on the quality and yield of garlic moss. Picking moss too early, the yield is low and the quality is poor, and harvesting too late will not only consume too much plant nutrients and reduce the yield of garlic, but also age the tissue of garlic and reduce its quality and edible value. the suitable harvest time for garlic moss is that the leaf sheath of garlic moss grows and begins to shake its tail, and the involucre makes a bend at the top of the plant, which is suitable for sticking. 15-20 days after the garlic moss harvest, the garlic can be harvested when most of the garlic leaves are withered and yellow. be careful not to break the garlic seedlings when harvesting the garlic, once the seedlings are broken, the garlic will be scattered and yellowed, which can not meet the export grade requirements. Garlic can be dried directly in the field for 5-6 days while the weather is fine. Pay attention to pressing the garlic under the garlic seedlings to prevent them from being damaged by too strong sunlight. Turn them over again in 3-4 days. When the garlic seedlings are basically dry, you can use the garlic seedlings to absorb moisture and become soft in the morning and evening. The garlic seedlings are bundled together, and then stored in a dry, cool and ventilated place. Once the market goes up, the garlic can be cut off and sold according to size.