Garlic management is clear

What is the focus of management at this stage?

Garlic has grown 7~9 leaves at present, and the growth stage has entered the late stage of scale bud and flower bud differentiation. This stage is dominated by leaf growth, which is the key period for garlic growth and development. The root system expands gradually and turns from vertical growth to horizontal growth, the root system growth strengthens, the accumulation of nutrients accelerates, which is the period for the growth of garlic sprouts and garlic heads. Due to the reason of maternal withdrawal before, plus the long duration of spring cold this year, watering and topdressing lag, the plant presents dry tip and physiological dry leaves due to lack of nutrition, the leaf color is gray and dim, the growth is not strong, and the green body area is smaller than in previous years. Therefore, the current management should be based on management measures to promote growth.

Specific measures should be taken: (1) according to local conditions, classified management: watering the plots with serious soil moisture and fertilizer loss quickly, and topdressing 20~ 40kg of quick-acting nitrogen and potassium (such as Baonong brand compound fertilizer containing 6% vitality element, 30% nitrogen and 6% potassium), watching the seedlings in the future, watering at intervals of 7~10 days, watering in the garlic stalk elongation period and garlic clove expansion period, and topdressing appropriately. (2)Foliar spray for growth regulation: foliar fertilizer that increases endogenous hormones. 0.136% Bihu (Chiyin Yiyun)15000 times solution and Huafu Ai Nongfei 750 times solution can be selected.

2 What are the main measures for balanced fertilization

Garlic is one of the vegetables that needs more fertilizer and is more tolerant. Nitrogen was the most important nutrient element absorbed by garlic, followed by potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. For every 1600 kg garlic production, nitrogen absorption is 13.4~16.3 kg, phosphorus absorption is 1.9~2.4 kg, potassium absorption is 7.1~8.5 kg, calcium absorption is 1.1~2.1 kg. The absorption peak period of three elements in garlic life is after scale bud and flower bud differentiation; the absorption peak period of trace elements Fe, Mn and Mg is before bolting; the absorption peak of three elements and boron reaches a small peak again after bolting, and the absorption peak of zinc reaches a peak. Among the three element fertilizers, nitrogen deficiency had the greatest effect on garlic yield, followed by phosphorus deficiency, potassium deficiency had the least effect, and when the three elements were deficient at the same time, the effect on garlic yield was greater. In addition, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are also indispensable elements in the growth and development of garlic.

According to the above garlic fertilizer requirement law, compared with the actual production, we tend to apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and ignore the application of trace elements fertilizer, pay attention to chemical fertilizer, despise organic fertilizer, ignore biological fertilizer. In future production, organic biological fertilizer should be added and microelement fertilizer should be added. Organic biological fertilizer should be applied topdressing besides bottom application. Organic biological fertilizer can be selected from 50 kg of Baonong brand yeast vitality organic fertilizer or 80 kg of Chengde Panfeng enzyme bacteria humic acid fertilizer per mu; topdressing can be selected from Chengde Panfeng brand gold potassium calcium topdressing On the basis of bottom application of micro-fertilizer, foliar spraying should be carried out in combination with humic acid foliar fertilizer, and spraying should be carried out once every 10 days (such as 750 times solution of Huafu Ainong Fertilizer plus 300 times solution of Zhexian Black Zhuangfeng micro-fertilizer). The application of macroelement fertilizer should be compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio of 3:1:3 (such as Baonong brand compound fertilizer with nitrogen content of 18%-phosphorus content of 7%-potassium content of 15%).

What should be paid attention to in the prevention and control of three garlic pests?

From the point of view of production, the main diseases and insect pests of garlic are garlic leaf blight, virus disease and underground root maggot.

1. Leaf blight: mainly harm garlic leaves, the disease began at the tip of the leaf or other parts of the leaf. White dots at the beginning, irregular or oval gray or gray brown spots after expansion, black mold on the upper part, all dead leaves in serious cases, scattered on many black particles. When the damage is serious, the whole plant will not sprout. The disease is caused by infection by the subphylum Ascomycetes. Pathogens are more adaptable to temperature, but they need higher humidity. Rainfall and high humidity in the field are necessary conditions for disease epidemic.

Control methods: (1) seed dressing before sowing. Seed dressing with 0.3% of seed weight 50% carbendazim WP. (2)After harvest in the field, the sick plants and branches should be cleaned up in time, burned or buried deeply to reduce the source of bacteria. (3)Strengthen field management. Rational fertilization, rational planting density, rational watering, reduce humidity, enhance plant disease resistance. (4)At the early stage of the disease, chemical prevention and control should be carried out in time. 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 450 times solution, or 10% methyl polyte wettable powder 1500 times solution or 30% jingbostrobin wettable powder 1800 times solution can be used once every 7~10 days for continuous control for 2~3 times.

2. Virus disease: the leaves of the diseased plants become smaller, showing pale yellow and green stripes, the new heart leaves become thinner, showing pale yellow and green linear abnormal leaves after extraction, and the plants are obviously short when serious. The garlic heads of diseased plants were smaller, the garlic cloves were reduced, and the fibrous roots were significantly reduced compared with healthy plants. Severe, garlic cloves stiff, storage period is more obvious. The disease is transmitted by poison carried by bulbs. Due to successive years of asexual reproduction coupled with aphid transmission harm, virus disease incidence is more common.

Control measures: (1) strict seed selection, according to local conditions to establish the original seed, production seed breeding system and base. (2)In aphid migration season, timely spray 10% imidacloprid WP 1500 times solution, or 50% acetamiprid (Wanxin) water dispersible granules 2500 times solution, kill aphids, reduce the probability of virus transmission. (3)Where conditions permit, virus-free seedlings can also be cultivated by bud tip tissue culture. virus-free garlic seeds are selected. (4)At the early stage, the immune-inducing fungicides were sprayed: 0.5% amino oligosaccharide 500 times solution or 0.136% red indomethacin 15000 times solution. After showing symptoms, the 120-fold solution of Lvyeshen, 200-fold solution of 6.5% Junduqing (Anfu) or 750-fold solution of 20% Azul copper morpholine (Kyle) can also be sprayed, which has obvious effect on deactivating virus and promoting growth.