Present situation and development prospect of black fish culture

People are used to calling them mullet, black fish, talent fish, raw fish and so on. Black fish is the most widely distributed and most productive species in the family Carpinidae. With the increase of market demand, blackfish is likely to become one of the most promising breeding objects in China at the beginning of the 21st century.

There are 7 species of snakehead fishes in China. They are black fish, snakehead snakehead, snakehead snakehead, striped snakehead snakehead, snakehead snakehead and long snakehead snakehead. Among them, only black fish is a widespread species, distributed in all major river systems in China, and its yield is the largest. Snakehead snakehead, snakehead snakehead and wide-fronted snakehead are only distributed in South China, including Taiwan Province and Hainan Province, while snakehead snakehead, line snakehead and long-bodied snakehead are quite rare. the distribution area is very narrow and can only be found in the Nujiang and Lancang River systems of Yunnan Province, with small economic value. People are accustomed to the general name of the fish family: mullet, black fish, talent fish, raw fish, black stick, as well as spot fish, filial piety fish, snakehead fish, salmon and other local names.

Black fish have strong vitality and adaptability to the environment, whether it is lakes, reservoirs, rivers, ditches, ponds or paddy fields, channels, and even marshes, ponds and basins where it is difficult for ordinary fish to survive. Their growth rate is also relatively fast, which meets the production requirements of "fish species in the first year and adult fish in two years". Black fish has a high meat content and no intermuscular thorns, so it is one of the most suitable fish for all ages. It is determined that every 100 grams of fresh fish contains 19.8 grams of protein, 1.4 grams of fat and 1.2 grams of sugar, which is a typical health food with high protein and low fat. According to medical records, black fish has pharmacological effects such as removing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation, nourishing and strengthening yang, adductor muscles, and cold recuperation. It has always been regarded as a delicacy and tonic in Southeast Asia, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, so it is worth a lot of money. In addition, unlike other fish, black fish are not easy to die after leaving the water, and their bodies are not easy to deteriorate after death, so it is more convenient for long-distance transportation and processing.

China used to be a country rich in blackfish. In the past 30 years, due to various reasons, the natural resources of black fish have been greatly reduced, and black fish has become a rare product in aquatic products. Some of the black fish that people can see in the market are collected by farmers and farmers and mixed in fish ponds, and the other part is wild fish caught from all kinds of water bodies. Due to the limited quantity, the price is always more than 20-40 yuan per kilogram. In recent years, in order to meet the needs of domestic and foreign trade markets, many areas have carried out scientific research and practice of artificial culture of black fish, and accumulated a lot of successful experience, especially the breakthrough of seedling breeding technology and artificial special feed. It has laid the foundation for the commercialization and large-scale production of black fish farming industry. Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui have successively appeared a number of specialized villages and towns of black fish culture, and many large farmers have obtained higher economic returns. It can be expected that blackfish will be one of the most promising aquaculture objects at the beginning of the 21st century.

The economic value of black fish

As a valuable freshwater fish with high economic value, black fish is known as "the treasure of fish". Its nutrition is very rich, and meat contains a lot of protein, which is higher than that of chicken and beef. According to the determination, 100 grams of black fish meat contains 19.8 grams of protein, 1.4 grams of fat, 1.2 grams of ash, 57 milligrams of calcium, 163 milligrams of phosphorus, 0.5 milligrams of iron, 77.9 grams of water, and 383.5 kilojoules of calories. Its protein is rich in amino acids. The content of delicious amino acids accounts for 47.36% of the total amino acids, and the content of essential fatty acids accounts for about 16% of the total fatty acids. Therefore, from the point of view of nutrition, black fish is a kind of advanced health food with comprehensive nutrition and delicious meat.

Black fish is used for food, its bone spur is less, and the edible rate is 63%. The edible rate of snakehead is as high as 75.63%. In cooking, black fish meat is smooth and smooth, which is suitable for frying fish fillets, fish scales and edge stove, while snakehead is suitable for cooking and stewing. The fish soup has no fishy smell, strong flavor and loose fish meat. The "rich fish fillet" cooked with black fish is a delicacy famous all over the world.

Used in medicine, black fish has the effect of desilting and nourishing. Eating blackfish after surgery or trauma has the effect of invigorating muscle and tonifying blood, converging and promoting wound healing. Frail patients, mothers and children often eat blackfish for their health. In southern China, especially in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hong Kong and Macao, blackfish is generally regarded as a good tonic for patients and those with weak old larvae. Guangdong's well-known "raw fish kudzu soup", with heat-clearing and detoxification, Sheng Jin to quench thirst, extract poison Shengji and other effects, is very popular with the broad masses of people.

Black fish has always been a best-selling foreign market, and the price is expensive, as one of the important aquatic products exported by China, it is very famous in the international market, and the demand is increasing day by day. It is also a kind of aquatic product with high price in the domestic market.

In the culture of special aquatic species, black fish is becoming more and more popular among farmers, which not only enriches the species of aquaculture, but also expands the utilization of aquaculture water surface and aquatic resources. and for collectives and individuals, it is also a way to increase economic benefits.