Occurrence and control of red whiteboard disease in soft-shelled turtle

Soft-shelled turtle red white board disease (commonly known as red floor disease, white floor disease) is a harmful disease of soft-shelled turtle in China in recent years, and there is no ideal treatment method so far, but through the efforts of various aspects, the main pathogen and pathogenic conditions of red white board disease have been basically found, and a breakthrough has been made in prevention, especially the progress in the prevention of Chinese herbal medicine and immune vaccine, which has laid a foundation for controlling the occurrence of red white board disease in the future. Based on the relevant domestic research and combined with my own practice, the author introduces the occurrence, prevention and treatment of red whiteboard disease as follows for reference and application.

Symptoms of red whiteboard disease

1. A sudden change in behavior or long-term fasting is a typical symptom of red whiteboard disease, and food loss is usually more than 50%. After the disease, the diseased soft-shelled turtle mostly floated or clustered at the edge of the pool, and most of the diseased soft-shelled turtle protruded its head and neck back from the water and opened its mouth for gasping. Some of them had nostril bleeding or bubbles, and some had obvious neurological symptoms, so they were extremely sensitive to environmental changes and fled quickly at the slightest alarm. He soon dived back to the pool and died.

2. the external symptoms of the diseased soft-shelled turtle do not have any infectious lesions on the body surface, and a round black shadow can be seen in the middle of the back, commonly known as the "black cover". When the diseased turtle dies, the head and neck are soft and protruding out of the body, and some of them are stiff due to excessive water absorption. the newly dead diseased soft-shelled turtle has its head down and drips blood or water through its mouth and nose when it is lifted. Some of the abdomen is turbid red (red floor), while others are pale (white floor). Most of the male genitals are out of the body, and some of the necks are enlarged.

Treatment and control after the disease

As the occurrence of red whiteboard disease is fulminant and develops rapidly. Therefore, the handling and control should be based on the specific circumstances at that time. It is generally divided into the following situations: first, after a few days of onset, the food intake has been reduced by more than half, or no food at all, and the climatic conditions have no tendency to improve. If there is continuous low temperature and rain, the soft-shelled turtle should be caught and sold in the pond as soon as possible to reduce losses. After clearance, thoroughly disinfect and replenish some fish, because in this case, it has been more difficult to control the development of the disease by feeding drugs. Second, the weather is sudden and rainy, the water temperature is unstable, the outbreak of the disease has not yet been formed at the beginning of the disease, the food intake of soft-shelled turtles has not been reduced to more than half, and the weather is not steadily improving, if there is a daylighting greenhouse, the turtle should be caught in the greenhouse to strengthen feeding, and the drug virus should be added to the feed for 5 days to control the development of the disease. If there is no daylighting greenhouse, the disease is intensive small cement pool, can be used to build a simple shed on the pool to increase temperature and promote food, the effect is also good. Third, if the disease occurs in a large mud pond that is difficult to catch outdoors, and the disease is seriously fulminant, and basically stops eating, and the climate has no trend of improvement, measures of "protection" should be taken. Specific measures: first, disinfect pond water with disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide every 6 days. The second is to change the water properly. If the water in the pool is mixed, the water in the original pool can be changed every 3-4 days, in order to maintain good water quality. After changing the water, some quicklime should be sprinkled appropriately, which is generally the concentration of 25 × 10-6 pool water.

Avoid the excessive behavior of changing water, splashing medicine and applying quicklime. At the same time, twice a day, the dead soft-shelled turtle was fished out in time for long-distance deep burial or chemical treatment; third, when the weather slightly improved and the water temperature rose above 26 ℃, you should purchase some good and delicious marine fish, freshwater fish or fresh pig liver cut into palatable pieces, and feed the lure in the pond, and then feed the artificial feed until it was completely improved.

It is worth mentioning that in some places, when the disease of soft-shelled turtle is serious, it is fed with high doses of antibiotics and chemicals, which causes waste if the soft-shelled turtle does not eat, and the drug damage caused by eating some food will accelerate the death of the diseased soft-shelled turtle. As many antibiotics and chemicals have side effects of damage to the liver and kidney of soft-shelled turtles, Chinese herbal medicine or additives should also be used to improve immunity and nutrition. For example, some Chinese herbal medicines such as Radix Astragali, licorice, Radix Isatidis, Shuanghua and other nutrients containing polysaccharides and detoxifying alkaloids, in order to enhance the disease resistance of soft-shelled turtle.