Skillful fertilization of cotton

Fertilizer is the material basis for high yield of cotton, and fertilization on demand is the highest principle of fertilization for cotton. Soil testing and fertilization should be carried out where possible, and what fertilizer and amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the content of soil available nutrients and the need for high yield of cotton. For most cotton fields in the north, the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced, while nitrogen fertilizer should be mainly used for topdressing, or the formula fertilizer of "high potassium, low phosphorus and medium nitrogen" should be applied. If you use the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, the amount should not exceed 25 kg per mu, add 12.5 kg potash fertilizer as base fertilizer, and prepare 15 kg urea or other nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing.

The application of base fertilizer must be turned into the soil, the deeper the better, to reduce the loss as far as possible and give full play to the fertilizer effect. At present, most cotton fields are not ploughed and raked for soil preparation, so there are the following ways to apply base fertilizer:

1. The chemical fertilizer used in the base fertilizer can be sprinkled on the surface in front of the cultivated land and turned into the ground together with farm manure. In this way, it can be applied deeply and evenly, with less nutrient loss, and can be absorbed and utilized by cotton roots distributed everywhere.

2. Install a fertilizer applicator on the planter and sow at the same time. Sow fertilizer at the front, apply it in the middle of two rows of cotton, apply 8 to 10 cm deep, and sow seeds later. In this way, the operation is labor-saving, the fertilizer is concentrated, the nutrient loss is less, and the seedlings are used quickly.

3. Before sowing, design the row spacing and the number of rows, insert the mark, first apply a row of fertilizer in the middle of the reserved two rows of cotton, apply more than 10 cm deep, and then sow, so that the fertilizer is applied deeply.

4. If rotary tillage is used instead of ploughing, fertilizers can also be sprinkled on the surface before rotary tillage, but rotary tillage should be as deep as 15 cm as far as possible, and shallow rotation after fertilization is most avoided, leaving most of the fertilizers in the upper layer of the soil, resulting in great loss of nutrients.

No matter fertilizing before cultivated land or before rotation, it can be irrigated after tillage to make soil moisture. According to the calculation of 60 to 80 square meters of irrigation per mu, the water depth is 9 to 12 centimeters, and the fertilizer will not seep into the ground with the water, but will be preserved in the shallow soil layer of the surface, which can be absorbed and utilized by cotton roots.

The application of base fertilizer is a key measure for high yield of cotton, which is related to cotton yield and cotton planting benefit.