High-yield cultivation techniques of Cotton

I. selection of suitable cotton varieties

1. Liaomian 10

The plant height is about 70 cm, and the leaf color is thick green and fat. There are 8.43 bolls per plant, with round bolls and lacking tips. The growth period of bare land cultivation is 146 days, film mulching is 137 days, which is suitable for film mulching cultivation, and the pre-frost flowering rate is 83%. Strong growth potential, easy to protect seedlings, not premature senescence, good boll setting, uniform cotton boll size and concentrated opening. The average boll weight is 4.67 grams, the lint percentage is 35. 72%, and the fiber length is above 29 mm. It has strong resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, seedling disease and boll rot. The cotton plant is loose, the growth potential is strong, and the planting density should not be too high, with an average of 7000 trees per mu and 10 fruit branches per plant.

two。 Jinmian No. 3

Very early-maturing variety, compact plant type, fruit branch oblique or tubular, topping plant height about 65 cm, main stem purplish red, node spacing 5 Mel 6 cm. The leaf is bigger, the leaf does not decline, the living stalk opens the catkins. The bell is oval, the shell is thin, easy to crack, open smoothly and concentrated, and the burst period is 15ml for 20 days. There are 7.35 bolls per plant and the boll weight is 5.89g. The whole growth period was 135 mi 140 days, the pre-frost flowering rate was more than 85%, and the resistance and yield levels of non-resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, seedling disease and boll rot were slightly better than those of Liaomian 9. Can be properly close planting and leave more fruit branches. Generally speaking, there are 8000 seedlings and 10 fruit branches per mu in flat and fertile land, 10000 trees in sloping and thin land, and 7 fruit branches in 6 fruit branches. It is appropriate to leave fewer fruit branches in low temperature and rainy years. It is suitable for planting in the north and west of Liaoning province.

2. Cultivation techniques of cotton in bare land

1. Select land and make ridges

(1) plot selection: cotton is a temperature-loving and light-loving crop. Liaoning belongs to the extra-precocious cotton area, which is the province with the highest latitude in the cotton area of the country, and it is not suitable to plant cotton in the cold areas of the north. The root system of cotton is well developed, and the root depth is more than 2 meters. Therefore, the cotton field should choose flat land or sunny sloping land with deep soil layer and medium fertility. Sticky soil, back sun, waterlogged cold pulp land is not suitable to grow cotton, agricultural proverb said: "Cotton seedlings are like fire, sand slipping land is the best."

(2) ridging: the ability of cottonseed top soil is strong, and two leaves should be unearthed, which has great resistance. Moreover, the yield increase of cotton in Liaoning mainly depends on the monarch, and a certain density must be guaranteed. Sowing and protecting the whole seedling is the basis for increasing cotton production. Therefore, cotton field preparation must be meticulous, cottonseed emergence and water absorption is slow, cottonseed itself is rich in fat and protein, slow material transformation, long seedling emergence time, large water absorption (equivalent to seed weight), cotton field should maintain sufficient water. It is required that cotton field preparation should be ridged as early as possible, the best ridging in autumn, and ridging in spring should also be completed before the end of March, no later than April 5 (before Qingming Festival). The soil preparation is fine and bumpy, the upper part is empty and the bottom is solid, and the soil water content is not less than 18%. Ridging and fertilization should not be less than 3000 kg of agricultural fertilizer.

two。 Seed treatment

(1) seed selection: cottonseeds should be carefully selected, and shrunken seeds, large hairy seeds and light seeds should be removed with a bud rate of not less than 90%.

(2) drying seeds: the cottonseed shell is thick and the water permeability is poor. The seeds must be dried before sowing. Spread the cottonseed, dry it in sunny day for 3 days, turn it several times a day, and shake the cottonseed in your hand. Be careful not to put the cottonseed directly on the impervious ground such as cement to prevent the dead seed from drying. Seed drying can not only improve the germination rate and germination potential of seeds, but also play the role of sterilization and insect control, which can not be ignored.

(3) depilation treatment: cottonseed tufting is easy to sow (machine sowing must be taken out), and it can also be recovered as industrial raw material ── cotton cashmere.

① mechanical velvet removal. The cotton purchasing department should take off the cottonseed in one or two ways, and if possible, take off three lines of wool. ② suede removal with sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid depilation is not only convenient for seed selection (through water selection, it can be used to save manual seed selection), but also can remove insects and germs from cottonseed, and is also beneficial to cottonseed coating. For every 10 kg of cottonseed wool, add 500ml sulfuric acid at a temperature of 110Mel 120 and stir until the velvet is completely dissolved, then wash and dry. Seed dressing with ③ chemicals to control diseases and insect pests: the new cottonseed coating technology now popularized can not only preserve the seedlings, but also emerge 2 Mel 3 days earlier, reduce the insect pests and reduce the cost at seedling stage. ④ seed soaking to promote germination: cottonseed soaked in 30 ℃ 40 min water, soaked through the seed coat, cottonseed seed soaked in warm water should be turned frequently to avoid heat accumulation and seed burning, especially in cotton fields destroyed by disaster, in order to speed up seed soaking time, water soaking should be hot, more attention should be paid to turning cottonseed. If it is found that the cottonseed turns yellow, it means that if the seed is burned, the seed can no longer be sown. In production practice, there is also the practice of soaking seeds with 80 ℃ 90 ℃ water. This method can burn cottonseeds with poor maturity, but it must be noted that only when the temperature of cottonseeds drops to about 20 mol can it not be turned. Sowing seeds in arid areas such as water can speed up germination and sowing.